Chapter 1 Introduction to the Human Body Slide

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Human Body Slide 2

Introduction • Anatomy is the study of structure; physiology is the study of function. Slide 3

The Body’s Levels of Organization • From Simple to Complex – The body is arranged from simple to complex. – Structure and function are related. • Major Organ Systems – An organ system is a group of organs that help each other to perform a particular function. Slide 4

The Body’s Levels of Organization - cont’d • Major Organ Systems – There are 11 major organ systems. • • Slide 5 The integumentary system The skeletal system The muscular system The nervous system The endocrine system The circulatory system The lymphatic system

The Body’s Levels of Organization cont’d • Major Organ Systems – There are 11 major organ systems—cont’d. • • The respiratory system The digestive system The urinary system The reproductive system – Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment in response to a changing external environment Slide 6

Anatomical Terms: Talking About the Body • Anatomical Position – The anatomical position is the body standing erect, arms by the side, with palms facing forward. – Paired terms that describe direction include superior and inferior, anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, proximal and distal, superficial and deep, and central and peripheral. – The three planes are the sagittal plane, frontal (coronal) plane, and transverse plane. – Regional terms are listed in Figure 1 -6. Slide 7

Anatomical Terms: Talking About the Body - cont’d • Cavities of the Body – Dorsal cavity • The cranial cavity contains the brain. • The spinal cavity, or vertebral cavity, contains the spinal cord. Slide 8

Anatomical Terms: Talking About the Body - cont’d – Ventral Cavity • The thoracic cavity is above the diaphragm and contains the lungs; it also contains the mediastinum. • The abdominopelvic cavity is located below the diaphragm. – The abdominal cavity is the upper part that contains the stomach, most of the intestines, liver, spleen, and kidneys. – The pelvic cavity is the lower part that contains the reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and lower part of the intestines. • For reference, the abdominopelvic cavity is divided into four quadrants and nine regions. Slide 9