CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BODY Major body

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BODY

Major body Systems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. INTEGUMENTARY- skin- protects underlying layers and regulates water, body temp. etc SKELETAL- bones, cartilage, ligamentssupports body and provides framework MUSCULAR- muscles and tendons- movement of the body NERVOUS- brain, spinal cord, nerves- sense and react to stimuli ENDOCRINE- glands- release hormones CARDIOVASCULAR-heart and blood vesselscarries blood (nutrients, oxygen) throughout the body

Major body Systems 7. LYMPHATIC- lymph nodes, spleen- cleanse the blood, immune system 8. RESPIRATORY- lungs, trachea- exchange gases 9. DIGESTIVE- stomach, intestines, liverbreakdown food 10. URINARY- kidneys, bladder- maintain water/salt balance, regulate acid/base balance 11. REPRODUCTIVE- ovaries, testes- produce gametes and development of fetus

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

ANATOMICAL POSITION Ø Body upright with the feet pointing parallel and palms facing forward

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMS TERM Direction or Location SUPERIOR Towards the top of the head INFERIOR Towards the bottom of the feet ANTERIOR Towards the front of the body POSTERIOR Towards the back of the body MEDIAL Towards the midline of the body LATERAL Away from the midline of the body INTERMEDIATE Between medial and lateral PROXIMAL Close to a region or joint DISTAL Away from a region or joint SUPERFICIAL Nearer to the surface DEEP (PROFOUND) Further from the body surface

BODY LANDMARKS (page 13) Ø ANTERIOR ABDOMINALbelow ribs anteriorly ACROMIALshoulder joint ANTECUBITALAXILLARYBRACHIALBUCCALCARPALCERVICALCOXALCRURALDIGITAL elbow armpit upper arm cheek wrist neck hip leg fingers

ANTERIOR LANDMARKS Ø Ø Ø FEMORAL FIBULAR INGUINAL NASAL ORBITAL PATELLAR PELVIC PUBIC STERNAL TARSAL THORACIC upper leg- thigh lower leg- lateral groin nose mouth eyes knee cap front of hips genital region anterior chest- breastbone ankle chest

POSTERIOR LANDMARKS CEPHALICDELTOIDGLUTEAL LUMBAR OCCIPITAL POPLITEAL SACRAL SCAPULAR SURAL VERTEBRAL head shoulder buttock lower spine posterior skull posterior knee tail bone shoulder blade posterior calf all of spine

TYPES OF SECTIONS

BODY CAVITIES Dorsal body Cavitycontains Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

BODY CAVITIES VENTRAL BODY CAVITYcontains THORACIC CAVITY (above the diaphragm) ABDOMINAL CAVITY (below the diaphragm) PELVIC CAVITY- (inside the hip bones)