Chapter 1 Introduction to Healthcare Terminology Mosby items

Chapter 1 Introduction to Healthcare Terminology Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 1

“They do certainly give very strange, and new fangled, names to diseases. ” Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 2

Healthcare Terminology: Read and Write Egyptian Tablets Electronic health records Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3

Healthcare Terminology: Speak Xeroderma (zeh roh DER mah) Psychology (sye KALL uh jee) Eupnea (YOOP nee ah) Xeroderma From Zitelli and Davis: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 4

Healthcare Terminology: Hear Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 5

In summary, your mission is to: Read (understand what is written) Ø Write (spell correctly) Ø Speak (pronounce) Ø Hear (understand what is spoken) the terminology covered in this course. Ø Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 6

Greek and Latin Origins of the Word Tongue Latin lingu/o = tongue bilingual sublingual Greek gloss/o = tongue glossary glossitis Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 7

Clicker Question Healthcare terms originate from which two languages? A. B. C. D. English and Latin English and Spanish Greek and Latin Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 8

Nondecodable Terms 90% of healthcare terms can be built from word parts 10% aren’t. Examples include: Cataract Ø Asthma Ø Cataract From Zitelli and Davis: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 9

Present and Future Conditions Diagnosis—present condition Prognosis—future condition Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10

Time/Severity of a Disease Acute—short term and sharp Chronic—long term and returns Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 11

Complaints! Sign Objective Ø Observable signs Ø Symptom Subjective Ø Patient’s explanation Ø Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 12

Clicker Question Which of the following would be a sign? A. B. C. D. pain blisters nausea dizziness Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 13

Eponyms Alzheimer’s disease Achilles tendon Alzheimer’s disease From Finkbeiner: Autopsy pathology: a manual and atlas, ed 2, Saunders Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14

Abbreviations and Symbols Abbreviations Simple (ADHD) Ø Acronyms (AIDS) Ø Symbols (↑, ♀) Dangerous abbreviations (OU, qid) Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 15

Clicker Question Terms that are named after people or places are called: A. B. C. D. acronyms homonyms eponyms pseudonyms Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 16

Decodable Terms The code Combining form (in red) + suffix (in green) = decodable term gloss/o + -itis = glossitis Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 17

Decoding 101 Identify the word parts in a term Assign meanings to the word parts Reverse the suffix to the front of the term Define the term Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 18

Decoding Glossitis: Identify the word parts in the term glossitis Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 19

Decoding Glossitis: Assign meanings to the word parts glossitis tongue/inflammation of Glossitis From Feldman: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease, ed 8, Saunders Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 20

Decoding Glossitis: Reverse the meaning of the suffix to the front of your translation glossitis inflammation of / tongue Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 21

Decoding Glossitis: Define the term Glossitis: inflammation of the tongue Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 22

Clicker Question So which activity comes first? A. B. C. D. Assign Define Identify Reverse Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 23

New Word Parts Combining forms arthr/o gastr/o ophthalm/o ot/o rhin/o Suffixes -algia -tomy -scope -logy -plasty Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 24

Decoding in Action The patient complained of chronic gastralgia. Identify gastralgia Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 25

Decoding in Action Assign gastralgia stomach/pain Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 26

Decoding in Action Reverse gastralgia pain/ the stomach Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 27

Decoding in Action Define gastralgia pain (of ) the stomach Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 28

Decoding in Action The patient complained of chronic gastralgia (pain of the stomach). Ø Is this complaint a sign or a symptom? Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 29

Building Terms Most terms are built according to five simple rules. You must know the difference between a consonant and a vowel. What are the vowels? Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 30

Building Terms: Rule #1 If the suffix starts with a vowel, a combining vowel is NOT needed to join the parts. arthr/o + -itis = arthritis You don’t need to keep the “o, ” because the suffix starts with a vowel. Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 31

Building Terms: Rule #2 If the suffix starts with a consonant, a combining vowel IS needed to join the two word parts. arthr/o + -plasty = arthroplasty Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 32

Building Terms: Rule #3 If a combining form ends with the same vowel that begins a suffix, one of the vowels is dropped. endocardi/o + -itis = endocarditis Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 33

Building Terms: Rule #4 If two or more combining forms are used in a term, the combining vowel is retained between the two, regardless of whether the second combining form is a vowel or a suffix. gastr/o + enter/o + -itis = gastroenteritis Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 34

Building Terms: Rule #5 Sometimes when two or more combining forms are used to make a term, special notice needs to be paid to the order in which the combining forms are joined. esophag/o + gastr/o + duoden/o + -scopy = esophagogastroduodenoscopy Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 35

Clicker Question Build a term meaning “pain of the ear. ” A. B. C. D. rhinalgia rhinoalgia otoalgia Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 36

Clicker Question Build a term that means “an instrument to visually examine the eye. ” A. B. C. D. opthalmoscope ophtalmscope ophthalmscope Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 37

Building Your Word Bank: Noun Suffixes Structure, thing -is (ex: hypodermis) Structure, thing, membrane -um (ex: endocardium) Small, tiny -icle, -ole, -ule (ex: cuticle, arteriole, venule) Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 38

Building Your Word Bank: Adjective Suffixes that mean pertaining to: -ac -al -ary -eal -ic -ous cardiac cervical valvular coronary esophageal hypodermic subcutaneous Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 39

Building Your Word Bank: Pathology Suffixes -algia -emia -itis cephaloalgia hyperlipidemia agastria tonsillitis Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 40

Building Your Word Bank: Pathology Suffixes -malacia -megaly chondromalacia splenomegaly Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 41

Building Your Word Bank: Pathology Suffixes -ptosis -sclerosis -stenosis hysteroptosis arteriosclerosis arteriostenosis Arteriosclerosis Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 42

Building Your Word Bank: Diagnostic Suffixes -graphy -metry -opsy -scopy mammography spirometry biopsy hysteroscopy Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 43

Building Your Word Bank: Therapeutic Suffixes -ectomy -plasty -stomy -tripsy gastrectomy rhinoplasty colostomy osteotomy lithotripsy Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 44

Lithotripsy Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 45

Building Your Word Bank: Instrument Suffixes -graph -meter -scope electrocardiograph thermometer ophthalmoscope Ophthalmoscope From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 6, Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 46

Building Your Word Bank: More Instrument Suffixes -tome -tripter -trite osteotome lithotripter lithotrite Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 47

Specialties/Specialist Suffixes -logy -logist -er neonatology psychologist dentist polysomnographer Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 48

Specialties/Specialist Suffixes -iatry -iatrist -iatrics -iatrician psychiatry psychiatrist pediatrics pediatrician Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 49

Clicker Question One who specializes in the study of bones: A. B. C. D. osteiatrician osteologist osteology osteer Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 50

Prefixes modify a medical term indicating: absence Ø location Ø number/quantity Ø state Ø Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 51

Prefixes Are attached directly to the beginning of the term May have more than one meaning Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 52

Prefixes aananteanti- apneic anophthalmia anteversion antibacterial Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 53

Prefixes dysendo-, endepi- dystrophy endoscopy epigastric Endoscopy From Monahan: Phipps: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 8, Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 54

Prefixes hyperhypo- hyperglycemia hypoglossal Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 55

Prefixes interintra- intervertebral intradermal Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 56

Prefixes para-, parperperipre- paraphilia percutaneous pericardium prenatal Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 57

Prefixes polypostsub- polyneuritis postictal subhepatic Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 58

Clicker Question If a patient came in for a checkup before the birth of her baby, it was a/n _____ visit: A. B. C. D. antenatal antinatal postnatal perinatal Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 59

Clicker Question A patient has a rash around his nose. The physician charts it as a _____ rash: A. B. C. D. prerhinal perirhinal perrhinal polyrhinal Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 60

Singular/Plural Endings Singular: vertebra arthrosis appendix arthritis phalanx endocardium digitus therapy Plural vertebrae arthroses appendices arthritides phalanges endocardia digiti therapies Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 61

Pronunciation of Unusual Letter Combinations eu ph pn ps pt rh, rrh x euthyroid phalanx pneumonitis psychology ptosis rhinitis xeroderma Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 62

Clicker Question The plural of pharynx (the throat) is: A. B. C. D. pharynxes pharyngies pharynges pharynxa Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 63

Categories of Terms Anatomy and physiology Pathology (diseases and disorders) Diagnostic procedures (tests) Therapeutic interventions (treatments) Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 64

Sort these terms into their correct categories Terms 1. hysteroscopy 2. endocardium 3. gastrectomy 4. hepatitis Categories __ Anatomy and Physiology __ Pathology __ Diagnostic Procedures __ Therapeutic Interventions Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 65

Parting Thought You need to start studying your word parts NOW! Use flash cards and the CD to practice. Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc. , an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 66