Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Learning

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computers

Chapter 1 Learning Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term computer and identify its components Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web

Chapter 1 Learning Objectives Identify the types of software Describe the categories of computers Determine how the elements of an information system interact

Computer Literacy Knowledge and understanding of computing devices and there

Definition of a Computing Device Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that; Accepts data (input) – unprocessed facts, figures, imaged and sound. Processes data into information (output). ▪ Process - the activity of organizing data into information. ▪ Information - data that is organized, has meaning, and is useful Stores the data for future use.

The Information Processing Cycle Input data Process data Output information Store data

The Components of a Computing Device - Input Hardware used to enter unprocessed facts, figures, imaged and sound.

The Components of a Computing Device - Output Hardware that conveys information to the user.

The Components of a Computing Device – System Unit Case containing electronic components used to process data The system unit contains the motherboard

The Components of a Computing Device – System Unit l The two main components on the motherboard are l Central Processing Unit (CPU) l l l Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Memory l Temporary holding place for data and instructions

The Integrated Circuit An electronic device first developed in the 1950 s, made from semiconductor material such as silicon, containing tiny transistors, resistors, diodes, as well as a number of ever improving and shrinking components.

The Integrated Circuit Device with microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents

Storage Holds data for future use. Storage systems are made up of two parts. Storage Media - physical material on which data is stored Storage device- Records and retrieves items to and from storage media

Storage- Hard Drive

Storage- CD/DVD Drive

Storage- USB Flash Drive

Storage- Flash Memory Cards

What Makes a Computer a Powerful Tool? Speed Reliability and consistency Accuracy Storage Communications

Computer Networks A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications media Networks require a communication device to connect computers and various devices together to send and receive data, instructions, and information Networks communications occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media

Computer Networks Used to share Resources Hardware devices Software programs Saves Data time Information and money

Computer Networks - Types Peer to Peer – simple network of computers and their connected deices that is used in small business and homes Client/Server in which a server controls access to resources on a network and the clients, or workstations, request resources from the server

Computer Networks – The Interenet The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Uses of the Internet Communications Information Access Downloading music and video Shopping Entertainment Education

Computer Networks – The Interenet One of the major components of the Internet is the World Wide Web or Web The Web is made up of billions of Web pages organized into Web Sites Web pages contain text, graphics, audio, video and links to other pages.

Software A series of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what to, usually called a computer program or simply a program. Two main categories of software System - programs that control the operations of a computer Applications - programs designed to perform a specific task for a user

Graphic User Inter face (GUI) Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information

Categories of Computing Devices Desktop Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table

Categories of Computing Devices Notebook computer Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities

Categories of Computing Devices Tablet PC Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen

Categories of Computing Devices Netbook A category of small, lightweight, and inexpensive laptop computers suited for general computing and accessing Web-based applications

Categories of Computing Devices Handheld Small enough to fit in one hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people

Categories of Computing Devices Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment Book Address book Calculator Notepad

Categories of Computing Devices I-Pad Considered to be a new category of computing device. A cross between an IPhone, I-Pod touch and a Web book.

Categories of Computing Devices Game Counsels

Categories of Computing Devices Servers Server - controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage

Categories of Computing Devices Mainframes Server - powerful, computer that supports thousands of connected users

Categories of Computing Devices Supercomputers Supercomputer - The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations

Elements of an Information System Hardware Software Data People Procedures

Computer Applications in Society Education

Computer Applications in Society Finance

Computer Applications in Society Government

Computer Applications in Society Health Care

Computer Applications in Society Science

Computer Applications in Society Publishing

Computer Applications in Society Travel

Computer Applications in Society Industry