Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry Notes 1 I

Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry Notes #1

I. Chemistry and Matter A. Matter is the “stuff” that makes up everything in the universe; has mass and takes up space B. Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes; central science

II. Mass vs. Weight A. Mass – amount of matter making up something B. Weight – measurement of amount of matter and Earth’s gravitational pull on matter. C. Do you have the same mass on the moon as you would here? D. What about the same weight?

III. Scientific Method O H E C T

III. Scientific Method A. Observation – describing in detail what you can see. 1. Qualitative – color, odor, shape, physical characteristics 2. Quantitative – numerical information – temperature, pressure, volume, etc. 3. Observation vs. Inference a. An inference is something we assume based upon what we see.

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III. Scientific Method B. Hypothesis – Educated Guess Format: “If……. . , then I think…………. C. Experiment – set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis a. Only one variable can be tested at a time – thing being changed b. Independent variable – one you plan to change c. Dependent variable – changes in response to change in dependent variable. d. Control – standard for comparison

III. Scientific Method D. Conclusion – judgment based on information obtained E. Theory – explanation supported by many, many experiments; has withstood test of time F. Scientific Law – relationship in nature supported by many experiments