Chapter 1 Introduction Objectives Upon completion you will

Chapter 1 Introduction Objectives Upon completion you will be able to: • Understand how the Internet came into being • Understand the meaning of the terms protocol and standard • Understand the various organizations involved in the standards • Understand the different levels of Internet service providers • Understand the groups involved in Internet administration TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1

Figure 1. 1 TCP/IP Protocol Suite Internet today (before ARPANET, MILNET, NSFNET) 2

Chapter 2 The OSI Model and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Objectives Upon completion you will be able to: • Understand the architecture of the OSI model • Understand the layers of the OSI model and their functions • Understand the architecture of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite • Differentiate between the OSI model and the TCP/IP Suite • Differentiate between the three types of Internet addresses TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3

Figure 2. 2 TCP/IP Protocol Suite OSI layers 4

Figure 2. 3 TCP/IP Protocol Suite An exchange using the OSI model 5

Figure 2. 14 TCP/IP Protocol Suite Summary of layers 6

Figure 2. 15 TCP/IP Protocol Suite TCP/IP and OSI model 7

Figure 2. 16 TCP/IP Protocol Suite Three types of addresses in TCP/IP 8

Figure 2. 17 TCP/IP Protocol Suite Relationship of layers and addresses in TCP/IP 9

Figure 2. 18 TCP/IP Protocol Suite Physical addresses 10

Figure 2. 19 TCP/IP Protocol Suite NIC addresses and IP addresses 11

Example 4 As we will see in Chapter 4, an Internet address (in IPv 4) is 32 bits in length, normally written as four decimal numbers, with each number representing 1 byte. The numbers are separated by a dot. Below is an example of such an address. 132. 24. 75. 9 An internet address in IPv 4 in decimal numbers TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12

Example 5 Figure 2. 20 shows an example of transport layer communication. Data coming from the upperlayers have port addresses j and k ( j is the address of the sending process, and k is the address of the receiving process). Since the data size is larger than the network layer can handle, the data are split into two packets, each packet retaining the service-point addresses ( j and k). Then in the network layer, network addresses (A and P) are added to each packet. See Next Slide TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13

Example 5 (Continued) The packets can travel on different paths and arrive at the destination either in order or out of order. The two packets are delivered to the destination transport layer, which is responsible for removing the network layer headers and combining the two pieces of data for delivery to the upper layers. See Next Slide TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14

Figure 2. 20 TCP/IP Protocol Suite Port addresses 15

Example 6 As we will see in Chapters 11, 12, and 13, a port address is a 16 -bit address represented by one decimal number as shown below. 753 A 16 -bit port address represented as one single number. TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16

2. 5 IP Versions IP became the official protocol for the Internet in 1983. As the Internet has evolved, so has IP. There have been six versions since its inception. We look at two versions in detail this quarter: Version 4 (Version 5) Only a testing version Version 6 (later in quarter) TCP/IP Protocol Suite 17

Chapter 3 Underlying Technology Objectives Upon completion you will be able to: • Understand the different versions of wired Ethernet • Understand wireless Ethernet • Understand the types of point-to-point WANs • Understand the types of switched WANs, especially ATM • Differentiate between repeaters, bridges, routers, and hubs TCP/IP Protocol Suite 18