Chapter 1 Information System Prepared by Mazhar Javed

Chapter # 1 Information System Prepared by: Mazhar Javed Awan mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 1

Data & Information DATA n Collection of facts and figures Representation of information n Numeric Alphabetic Alphanumeric n INFORMATION n Processed and meaningful form of data is information n Reprocessed data to get more results mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 2

Data Examples n n n A set of names and addresses written on student’s admission form A telephone conversation converted to electrical signals to be sent down the wires A song written in sheet music so that it can be played mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 3

Information Processing n Is the organization, manipulation and distribution of information n Example: n n n The sorted data for those students in admission form which have taken computer subject. Listening the songs Reading a map from one place to other What does the number 29061996 mean? Is it: n n n A birthday? (29 th June 1996) A bank account number? A club membership number? A telephone number? Without processing or more information this data is meaningless. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 4

Data Processing Process Output Input Data Collection mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 5

Processing has various operations n Calculation n Analysis n Comparison n Manipulation mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 6

The three stages of doing tasks Input Process Output • Data is put into the information system. (INPUT) • The data is processed. (PROCESS) • Information comes out of the information system. (OUTPUT ) mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 7

Manual information systems n n We are all used to using manual information systems. An example of a manual information system is a telephone directory. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 8

Manual information systems n n All we need to know to find a person’s telephone number in the telephone book is their name and address. (INPUT) We look up the name and the address (PROCESS), and we find their telephone number. (OUTPUT) mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 9

Manual information systems Input Process Output • Have the name and address. (INPUT) • Look up the name and address. (PROCESS) • Find the telephone number. (OUTPUT) mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 10

Computerised information systems n n Computerised information systems have several advantages over manual information systems. These include: Greater flexibility n Speed n mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 11

Examples of computerised information systems n n n DVLA – Driver Vehicle Licensing Authority The DVLA has a computerised database about every driver and vehicle in the UK. This database can be used to find information about a vehicle or driver even if the data is incomplete. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 12

Advantages of computerised information systems n n A single computer can store all the information needed. By using several terminals different people can access information at the same time. Information is not duplicated. Information can be transferred to other computer systems easily. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 13

Encoding To convert information or data into a form ready for processing Example: Information about products is encoded into bar codes which are then printed on products labels. n mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 14

Decoding n To convert data back to a form where it can be understood. Example: On a school data file, the names of the teachers are stored. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 15

Data Collection n n Bringing together all the data for an application and getting it ready for processing. In schools there is a admission form that filled completely and send admin back. Their details are typed into a computer via a keyboard. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 16

Data Capture Means obtaining data for a Computer n Term is used in situations where a computer peripheral inputs the data automatically. Example: In examination candidate does a multiple choice test by making a card with pencil in right places. The card is read by a mark sensing device. n mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 17

Information Technology n n n n Uses Computing with high speed communication links to spread information from one place to other. All types of equipment or programs that are used in processing information World has become a global village Information can be communicated in any shape such as Photographs Movies Text Digital diagrams mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) 18