Chapter 1 Health system Global Health Presentation Outline

Chapter 1 Health system

Global Health

Presentation Outline • To understand globalization and changes • To analyze issues of global Health • To identify opportunities and challenges in global health

Global Changes Globalization & International trade Medication resistance Bio-terrorism & chemical pollution Displaced Populations GLOBAL CHANGES Increase in previously controlled diseases Emergence of new diseases Global Warming

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Global Health: What is it? Health is “A state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well being, not merely an absence of disease and infirmity” • (WHO 1986, 2000) • ‘Health for all by the year 2000’, PHC 1978 • • • Global Health is health of populations in a global context and transcends the perspectives and concerns of individual nations • (Brown. et al, 2006)

• Worldwide improvement of health, reduction of disparities, and protection against global threats that regards national borders (Macfarlane, Jacobs, & Kaaya, 2008) • Health problems that transcend national borders or have a global political and economic impact, are often emphasized. (http: //www. familiesusa. org)

Disciplinary Perspectives on GH • A research field at the intersection of medical and social science disciplines – including demography, economics, epidemiology, political economy and sociology. • Epidemiology. . Major global health problems • Medicine. . Pathology of major global disease, preventive promotion, diagnosis, and treatment of these disease

• Economy. . Cost effectiveness, cost benefit for individual and population health, aggregate analysis re health sector. Individual health analysis. . Demand supply of health • Ethics. . Distributional considerations, equality inequalities in health unjust, how to meet health needs • Politics. . Political economy. . Production, buying, and selling, and their relations (http: //en. wikipedia. org)

Health Conditions HIV/AIDS Respiratory diseases and Measles Diarrhoeal disease Malaria Nutritions and Micronutrient deficiency • Obesity • • •

Sustainable Development Goal • In 2015, countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development agenda. Each goal has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years.

SDG Goal 3 • Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing for all at all ages is essential to sustainable development. • Significant strides have been made in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the common killers associated with child and maternal mortality. • Major progress has been made on increasing access to clean water and sanitation, reducing malaria, tuberculosis, polio and the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, many more efforts are needed to fully eradicate a wide range of diseases and address many different persistent and emerging health issues.

Competencies needed (WHO cited by Pruitt, & Epping. Jordan, 2005) • Patient centered care • Partnering • Quality Improvement

Competencies needed (WHO cited by Pruitt, & Epping. Jordan, 2005) • Information and communication technology • Public health perspective • Leadership

Critical Requirements of Health care professionals (Shaw, 2007) • Understanding of broader of health and social system within • External awareness • Able to use the benefits of technology • Contributing to and influencing health and public policy

Leaders in Global Health • • Global information literacy Global health knowledge Evidence-based nurse leader Information sharing to improve health

Leaders in Global Health • Language proficiency • Networking at the national, regional, and around the globe • Emotional intelligent EQ + IQ • Critical thinking, decision making skills, ethics, teamwork

Opportunities and Challenges • Health Care reform • Efficiency • Quality • Accessibility, Universal Coverage • Health Workforces • Socioeconomic gap and demographic background of the population • Wellness and Tourism

Wellness and Tourism • Reasons for Seeking Foreign Care • Customers cannot afford the care at home country and/or do not have health insurance. • Waiting times at home for the surgery are too long. • Some procedures are not available at home country.

Conclusion • There are large challenges remaining on global health issues and that shared concern in this area can be a force for broader peace and security for all people.

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