Chapter 1 General Principles Energy Units calorie basic

Chapter 1. General Principles

Energy Units • calorie - basic unit of heat • kilocalorie - 1000 calories • Calorie - same as kilocalorie

Function of Food • Growth and development • Energy – Carbohydrates – Fats – Protein • Regulation of metabolism – Vitamins – Minerals – Proteins

Nutrients • Caloric Nutrients – – Carbohydrates: 4 kilocalories/gram Fats: 9 kilocalories/gram Proteins: 4 kilocalories/gram (Alcohol: 7 kilocalories/gram) • Non-Caloric Nutrients – Vitamins – Minerals – Water

Essential Nutrients • Required for normal growth, health, survival. • Not synthesized in the body at levels required for normal growth, health, survival. • Must be consumed in diet.

Nutrient Requirement Standards • Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) – Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) – Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) • EAR ± 2 SD – Adequate Intake (AI) – Tolerable Upper Intake (UL)

Factors Affecting Nutrient Standards • Country • Gender – lactation • Age

Food Label with Daily Values. 1) Better by Design 2) Size Up the Situation How to recognize the new food labels. All serving sizes are created equal. 5) Trust Adjectives 4) Rate It Right Descriptions have legal definitions. Scan the % Daily Values. • GOOD SOURCE OF FIBER • LOWFAT 3) Look Before You Leap Use the Daily Values. 6) Read Health Claims with Confidence The nutrient link to disease prevention. Many factors affect cancer risk. Eating a diet low in fat and high in fiber may lower risk of this disease.