Chapter 1 AP History Three Worlds Meet The

Chapter 1 AP History Three Worlds Meet The Woodlands Preparatory School

The First World American Indians

Peopling the Americas Ancient people began to arrive in America early as 22, 000 years ago These were hunters and gathers What were they looking for?

The Woolly Mammoth Extinction occurred about 125, 000 years

The Beringia Land

Indian Empires Olmec (south present day Mexico) 1200 – 400 BC Maya (Guatemala) 250 – 900 AD Aztecs (mid-Mexico) 1200 - 1500 Incas (Peru) 1200 1500

Indian Empires in America The Hokokam and the Anasazi (New Mexico and Arizona) 250 BC – 1400 AD Desert Farmers Adena and Hopewell (Ohio Valley) 500 BC – 400 AD Mound Builder Mississippian (Mississippi) 600 – 1800 AD

North American Societies Around 1492 Indian societies were very diverse from nomad to fixed farming communities Southwest Indians lived in harsh desert. Known as the Pueblo Indians. Settled near Rio Grande River

Eastern Woodlands Iroquois Homes were known as Longhouses Lived in wooded area around the Great Lakes Hunted and grew crops

What do we know about the Indians? We know that they had an organized trade route from one community to another. We know that used the land but had no understanding of buying the land as a commodity Deeply religious—the natural world were their gods.

More of the Indians Almost every tribe had no organized form of writing. No two tribes spoke the same language. Sense of kinship— families tended to be extended

The Second World West Africa

West Africa Initial religion was based on nature and fertility Families tended to be matriarch By about 800 BC, Islam began to spread through Northwest Africa

Slave labor Islam is credited for bringing slavery to Africa By 1100. Slave labor was part of West African society The lowest rung on the ladder made up slaves Slaves were not born into it.

The Third World Europe

Europe Societies Around 1492 Europe was hierarchical Society was based on feudalism Families were nuclear Europe was VERY religious—Christian Faith

Crusades Pope Urban II called for a recapturing of the Holy Land in late 11 th century All of Europe’s military fought Introduced new and exciting items that changed Europe forever

Changes to Europe Martin Luther and the 95 Theses (1517) and the Reformation The Growth of Commerce and Trade—New goods and services into the Middle East The rise of nations

Renaissance v The rebirth of intellectual thought v Humanism—the rediscovery of Ancient Greek and Latin: including Cicero, Virgil (Latin) Plato, Homer and Aristotle (Greek) v The rediscovery of art and architecture Lorenzo “the magnificent” de Medici

Sistine Chapel ceiling “The Creation of Adam”

Pieta (1499)

Mona Lisa 1506 Lisa Gherardini

The Last Supper 1498

The Age of Discovery— The Portuguese v Prince Henry the Navigator (1394 – 1460) v Bartolemeu Diaz (in 1488 he rounds the Cape of Good Hope) v Vasco Da Gama (in 1498 arrived in Calcutta)

Columbus—The Early Years Born Cristoforo Columbo between August 25 and October 31 1451 in Genoa, Italy His father was a wool weaver and he was expected to do the same Columbus loves the adventures Marco Polo and the sea At 14 Begins his seagoing career

Columbus August 13, 1476 on a commercial expedition from Genoa to England, his ship was sank by the French. Arrives in Portugal While Portugal he learns to become a map maker Columbus believes that Asia could be reached by going West

Portugal King John II is interested. Council of Geographical Affairs for review They deny Columbus based on his calculations of the world.

Columbus thought Japan (known as Cipangu) and China (known as Cathay) was only 2, 500 miles. Its actually about 11, 000 miles Turns to Spain Presents his plan in 1487 and 1491

Spain Rejected again, but monarchy of Spain reconsidered when they anticipated what riches they might obtain in discovery Spain has just finished fighting a war with the Moors

The Voyage Given three ships— caravels: 1. Nina 2. Pinta 3. Santa Maria (flagship) Contrary to popular belief, his crew were not convicts

The Voyage Leaves Spain on August 3, 1492 Stopover in the Canary Islands to repair the Pinta The adventure begins on September 6, 1492 Tierra! October 12, 1492 at 2: 00 AM, Columbus discovers America

Landing of Columbus (1847) By John Vanderlyn

Landing of Columbus Frieze of American History By Constantinos Brumidis

Columbus Discovers America Where Columbus lands is debated Columbus landed in the Bahamas Described it as “large and flat with a lot of green trees and water around it. ” Columbus meeting the natives thought he had arrived in the “Indies” and they were “Indians”

Columbus and the Return Home The tribe that Columbus meets are called the Taino— gentle and unwarlike Columbus sails off and explores the coast of Cuba and Hispaniola (which he called Espanola) The Santa Maria is damaged and 39 stay behind. (La Navidad) Columbus returns, but is sent off course by a storm He is arrested in Portugal for violating Portugal’s sovereignty of the Atlantic He is released, returns to Spain and is granted the title “Admiral of the Sea”

Treaty of Tordesillas Columbus knew Portugal would seize new territory He writes to Pope Alexander VI (a Spaniard) and ask for protection The Pope issues a papal decree granting every island that Columbus discovered property of Spain. Line of Demarcation Treaty of Tordesillas is signed June 7, 1494

Columbian Exchange

United States of Columbus? Amerigo Vespucci: 1497 John Cabot’s investor, Richard Ameryke Leif Ericsson Ami—Scandinavian for Land (Land of Eric) Ami-eric