Chapter 1 1 Introduction to to Nursing Research

Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Nursing research is systematic

Answer False Research is systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems. Nursing research

What Is Research? • Systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems Nursing research

Consumer–Producer Continuum • Consumers: nurses who read and evaluate research reports or summaries •

Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Producers of research design

Answer True Knowledge of nursing research enhances the professional practice of both consumers of

Contemporary Emphasis • Evidence-based practice projects • Replications • Research integration through systematic review

Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice • Tradition • Authority • Clinical experience, trial

What Is a Paradigm? A world view; a general perspective on the complexities of

What Is the Nature of Reality? • Positivist assumption: Reality exists; there is a

Question What occurs in the positivist paradigm? A. Reality is not fixed. B. Reality

Answer B Positivist paradigm reality is fixed and is associated with quantitative research. Constructivist

How Is Knowledge Obtained? Positivist Constructivist Fixed design Flexible design Discrete, specific concepts Holistic

Research • Basic: extending information for sake of knowledge • Applied: discovering solutions to

Key Evidence-Based Practice • Treatment/therapy/intervention • Assessment and diagnosis • Prognosis • Harm and

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Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Nursing research is systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems. Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer False Research is systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems. Nursing research is systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession. Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

What Is Research? • Systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems Nursing research • Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Consumer–Producer Continuum • Consumers: nurses who read and evaluate research reports or summaries • Producers: nurses who design and undertake research studies Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer True Knowledge of nursing research enhances the professional practice of both consumers of research (who read and evaluate studies) and producers of research (who design and undertake studies). Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Contemporary Emphasis • Evidence-based practice projects • Replications • Research integration through systematic review • Multisite and interdisciplinary studies • Expanded dissemination efforts • Increased focus on health disparities Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice • Tradition • Authority • Clinical experience, trial and error, intuition • Logical reasoning (inductive and deductive) Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

What Is a Paradigm? A world view; a general perspective on the complexities of the real world, with certain assumptions about reality Key paradigms for nursing research: – Positivist paradigm – Naturalistic paradigm Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

What Is the Nature of Reality? • Positivist assumption: Reality exists; there is a real world driven by natural causes. • Naturalistic assumption: Reality is multiple and subjective, constructed by individuals. Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question What occurs in the positivist paradigm? A. Reality is not fixed. B. Reality is fixed. C. Associated with qualitative research D. Subjective, narrative materials Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer B Positivist paradigm reality is fixed and is associated with quantitative research. Constructivist paradigm reality is not fixed and is associated with qualitative research and subjective, narrative materials. Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

How Is Knowledge Obtained? Positivist Constructivist Fixed design Flexible design Discrete, specific concepts Holistic Deductive processes Inductive processes Control over context Context-bound Verification of hunches Emerging interpretations Quantitative information Qualitative information Seeks generalizations Seeks patterns Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Key Evidence-Based Practice • Treatment/therapy/intervention • Assessment and diagnosis • Prognosis • Harm and etiology • Meaning and process Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins