Chapter 09 Flex Art Labels and leader lines

Chapter 09 Flex. Art Labels and leader lines are editable on every image in this Power. Point. To get started, select an image from within the Power. Point file and simply click on any of the labels and edit or delete to your preference. Power. Point Tips: Refer to the Microsoft Help feature for specific questions about Power. Point. Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1

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Fig. 9. 1

Fig. 9. 2 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fibrous connective tissue (a) Suture (c) Syndesmosis (b) Gomphosis

Fig. 9. 3 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Serrate suture Lap suture Plane suture Dovetail joint Miter joint Butt joint Bone Wood

Fig. 9. 4 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Clavicle Sternum Rib 1 Costal cartilage Intervertebral disc (fibrocartilage) (a) (c) Interpubic disc (fibrocartilage) (b) Pubic symphysis Body of vertebra

Fig. 9. 5 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Proximal phalanx Ligament Joint cavity containing synovial fluid Periosteum Bone Articular cartilages Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane Middle phalanx Joint capsule

Fig. 9. 6 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus Ulnar bursa (cut) Radial bursa (cut) Flexor retinaculum (cut) Lumbrical muscles Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon sheath (opened) Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Fig. 9. 7 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Resistance (load) Effort R E Effort arm Resistance arm F Fulcrum

Fig. 9. 8 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. MA = LE LR = R 50 mm = 0. 15 330 mm F LR = 95 mm = 2. 7 35 mm High mechanical advantage High power Low speed Temporalis muscle Coronoid process R m m ) Low mechanical advantage Low power High speed LE F (L st ar m si rt Biceps brachii Ef fo Re E E an = ce 50 ar m m m ) (L R = 33 0 Condyloid process Radius E Resistance arm (LR = 35 mm) (a) (b) Effort arm (LE = 95 mm) Digastric muscle

Fig. 9. 9 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Resistance Effort R E Effort R Resistance E F Fulcrum F F Fulcrum Effort Resistance (a) First-class lever Resistance Effort R F R E F Fulcrum Effort E Effort F Fulcrum (b) Second-lass lever Fulcrum F Resistance R Effort E Resistance F Fulcrum (c) Third-class lever Resistance Effort R F

Fig. 9. 10 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Abduction of arm (c) Internal rotation of arm (b) Flexion of arm

Fig. 9. 11 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Humerus Ball-and-socket joint (humeroscapular) Head of humerus Hinge joint (humeroulnar) Scapula Ulna Pivot joint (radioulnar) Radius Plane joint (intercarpal) Ulna Saddle joint (trapeziometacarpal) Carpal bones Carpal bone Metacarpal bone Condylar joint (metacarpophalangeal) Metacarpal bone Phalanx

Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 9. 12 Hyperextension Flexion Extension Flexion (a) (b) Flexion Hip flexion Hyperextension (c) Knee flexion Extension (d) ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 13 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Abduction (b) Adduction ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 14 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Elevation (b) Depression ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 15 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Protraction (b) Retraction ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 16 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 17 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Medial (internal) rotation (b) Lateral (external) rotation ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 18 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Radius Ulna (a) Supination Radius Ulna (b) Pronation ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 19 (a) Flexion Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (b) Hyperextension (e) Rotation (d) Right rotation ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula (c) Lateral flexion

Fig. 9. 20 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Protraction (b) Retraction (c) Lateral excursion (d) Medial excursion ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 21 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) Radial flexion (b) Ulnar flexion (c) Abduction of fingers P (d) Palmar abduction of thumb (e) Opposition of thumb ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 22 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Dorsiflexion Zero position (b) Inversion Plantar flexion (a) Flexion of ankle ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula (c) Eversion

Fig. 9. 23 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sphenomandibular ligament Lateral ligament Joint capsule External acoustic meatus Styloid process Stylomandibular ligament (a) Lateral view Sphenoid sinus Mandibular fossa of temporal bone Superior joint cavity Articular disc Inferior joint cavity Mandibular condyle Occipital bone Sphenomandibular ligament Styloid process Synovial membrane Stylomandibular ligament Joint capsule (b) Medial view (c) Sagittal section

Fig. 9. 24 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Acromioclavicular joint Acromion of scapula Clavicle Head of humerus Coracobrachialis muscle Deltoid muscle (cut and folded back) Pectoralis major muscle Biceps brachii muscle: Short head Long head Acromioclavicular ligament Acromion Subacromial bursa Supraspinatus tendon Coracohumeral ligament Subdeltoid bursa Subscapularis tendon Transverse humeral ligament Tendon sheath Clavicle Coracoclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament Coracoid process Subcoracoid bursa Subscapular bursa Biceps brachii tendon (long head) Humerus Glenohumeral ligaments (b) Anterior view (a) Anterior dissection Acromion Supraspinatus tendon Subdeltoid bursa Capsular ligament Glenoid labrum Deltoid muscle Synovial membrane Glenoid cavity of scapula Glenoid labrum Humerus (c) Frontal section Coracoid process Supraspinatus tendon Coracohumeral ligament Subdeltoid bursa Superior glenohumeral ligament Infraspinatus tendon Biceps brachii tendon (long head) Glenoid cavity (articular cartilage) Subscapular bursa Teres minor tendon Synovial membrane (cut) Subscapularis tendon Middle glenohumeral ligament Inferior glenohumeral ligament (d) Lateral view, humerus removed a: ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 25 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Humerus Joint capsule Humerus Coronoid process Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Joint capsule Radial collateral ligament Trochlea Olecranon bursa Articular cartilage Radius Ulnar collateral ligament Olecranon Anular ligament Ulna Tendon of biceps brachii (cut) Ulna (b) Sagittal section Radius (a) Anterior view Humerus Anular ligament Joint capsule Lateral epicondyle Tendon of biceps brachii (cut) Tendon of triceps brachii Radial collateral ligament Radius Ulnar collateral ligament Joint capsule Olecranon bursa Olecranon Tendon of biceps brachii (cut) Joint capsule Radius Coronoid process Ulna (c) Medial view (d) Lateral view

Fig. 9. 26 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Round ligament (cut) Acetabular labrum Acetabulum Head of femur Acetabulum Fovea capitis Head of femur Labrum Greater trochanter Round ligament Ischial tuberosity Femur Obturator membrane Shaft of femur (a) Anterior dissection Transverse acetabular ligament (b) Lateral view, femur retracted Ilium Iliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Iliofemoral ligament Pubis Greater trochanter Ischial tuberosity Femur Lesser trochanter Femur (c) Anterior view (d) Posterior view a: ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Timothy L. Vacula

Fig. 9. 27

Fig. 9. 28 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lateral Medial Femur: Shaft Patellar surface Medial condyle Lateral condyle Joint capsule Joint cavity: Anterior cruciate ligament Medial meniscus Lateral meniscus Tibia: Lateral condyle Medial condyle Tuberosity Patellar ligament Patella (posterior surface) Articular facets Quadriceps tendon (reflected) ©Mc. Graw Hill Education/Rebecca Gray

Fig. 9. 29 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Femur Patellar surface Medial condyle Lateral condyle Anterior cruciate ligament Medial condyle Tibial Posterior cruciate collateral ligament Fibular collateral ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Lateral meniscus Fibular collateral ligament Medial meniscus Lateral meniscus Medial meniscus Tibial collateral ligament Transverse ligament Patellar ligament (cut) Fibula Articular cartilage of tibia Posterior cruciate ligament Fibula Tibia (a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view Quadriceps femoris tendon Femur Lateral meniscus Suprapatellar bursa Bursa under lateral head of gastrocnemius Medial meniscus Prepatellar bursa Joint capsule Synovial membrane Patella Articular cartilage Synovial membrane Meniscus Joint cavity Posterior cruciate ligament Medial condyle of tibia Infrapatellar fat pad Superficial infrapatellar bursa Patellar ligament Tibia Deep infrapatellar bursa Lateral condyle of tibia (d) Superior view of tibia and menisci (c) Sagittal section Anterior cruciate ligament

Fig. 9. 30 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Twisting motion Foot fixed Anterior cruciate ligament (torn) Tibial collateral ligament (torn) Medial meniscus (torn) Patellar ligament

Fig. 9. 31 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fibula Tibia Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments Lateral ligament: Posterior talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Anterior talofibular ligament Calcaneal tendon Calcaneus (a) Lateral view Tendons of fibularis longus and brevis Metatarsal V (b) Lateral dissection Tibia Fibula Interosseous membrane Medial ligament Tibia Navicular Medial malleolus Posterior tibiofibular ligament Lateral malleolus Metatarsal I Posterior talofibular ligament Calcaneal tendon Calcaneofibular ligament Calcaneus Tendons of tibialis anterior and posterior Calcaneus (c) Medial view (d) Posterior view b: ©L. Bassett/Visuals Unlimited

Table 9. 1

Fig. 9. 32 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. (a) (b) a: ©Dr. Ken Greer/Visuals Unlimited; b: ©CNRI/Science Photo Library/Science Source

Fig. 9. 33 Copyright © Mc. Graw Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Artificial acetabulum Artificial femoral head Femur Prosthesis (a) (c) Femur Tibia Fibula (b) (d) a: © SIU/Visuals Unlimited; b: © Ron Mensching/Phototake; c: ©SIU School of Medicine; d: ©Mehau Kulyk/SPL/Science Source