CHANGES OF THE GILDED AGE Gilded Something that
- Slides: 24
CHANGES OF THE GILDED AGE
Gilded: Something that looks expensive – but the glittery outside conceals something of little worth This era is known as the Gilded Age…
Goal: Today we will explore how and why life changed during the Gilded Age
CHANGE 1: NEW INNOVATIONS & INVENTIONS
Telegraph and telephone increase communication Bessemer process lowers the cost of steel and encourages construction Electricity
CHANGE 2: THE RISE OF “BIG BUSINESS”
Businesses Grow Larger Horizontal integration—buy up every company in the same business Vertical integration—take control of each step of the production & distribution of a product Andrew Carnegi e (Vertical in Steel Busines s) John Rockefelle r (Horizontal in Oil Business)
Monopolies One business is the only supplier of a particular item Example: If AT&T were the only cell phone company in the United States, they would have a monopoly. � Why might this be problematic?
Monopolies Businesses formed monopolies and trusts � Controlled all of one kind of business � Allowed them to set prices Why wasn’t the government regulating this behavior…
Government Leaves Business Alone…Sort of 1. 2. Laissez-faire policies Social Darwinism
Laissez Faire Policies “Hands off” policies which allowed businesses to do whatever they wanted � Market will regulate itself by supply and demand government should not intervene
Social Darwinism Based on Darwin’s theory of evolution The best-run businesses led by the most capable people would survive prosper “Survival of the fittest”
Herbert Spencer explained his idea of Social Darwinism in 1851. “It seems hard that those without skills …should experience hunger. . . It seems hard that a laborer stopped by sickness from competing with his stronger workers should have to suffer the resulting loss. It seems hard that widows and orphans should be left to struggle for life or death. [Even so], in…the interests of universal humanity, these harsh deaths [have a good effect]…they bring to early graves the children of diseased parents. ”
In Reality… Businesses bribed legislators to pass laws favoring their companies � “Our political leaders are hired, by bribery…to conduct the government of a city, state, nation, not for the common good, but for the interests of private business. ” Government sells resources to companies at very low prices
Attitude Inventory How should we judge the business giants of the Gilded Age? � Are they robber barons for the way they gained their wealth and the lordly style in which they lived or � Captains of industry who helped usher in our modern economy
CHANGE 3: CHANGES IN THE WORKPLACE
Assembly Lines & Scientific Management Fredrick Taylor & Henry Ford No wasted time Workers stand in one place all day, performing the same task over and over Workers feel as though they have become machines
Clip from Modern Times https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Df. Gs 2 Y 5 WJ 14
Child Labor Up to 18% of the workforce during the Gilded Age
Working Conditions Many companies forced people to work in brutal conditions � As much as 6 days a week, 12 hours a day � Got no vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation, or reimbursement for injuries suffered on the job. 1882, an average of 675 laborers were killed in work-related accidents each week � Tomorrow we will explore one of the worst workplace accidents in history and the working classes reaction
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