Change of State and Solubility CHAPTER 3 3

Change of State and Solubility CHAPTER 3

3 States of Mtter �Solid �Liquid �gas

Thermal Energy �Heat energy �Thermal energy is the energy that makes atoms and molecules move

�The more atoms and molecules move, the more room they take up. �When matter is heated, therefore, it expands �When matter is cooled, it moves less, and contracts.

Solid �Particles are packed closely together �Particles vibrate in place �Particles have a fixed volume and shape

Liquid �Particles are freely moving �Particles have a fixed volume, but take the shape of the surrounding container

Gas �Particles do not have a fixed volume and take the shape of the surrounding container

�States of matter video

�Plasma: highest-energy state of matter; consists of electrons and positive atoms

�Plasma video

Solid/Liquid �Melting: the process in which a solid is changed into a liquid �Freezing: the process in which a liquid is turned into a solid

Gas/Liquid �Vaporization: the process of turning a liquid into a gas � Boiling: a type of vaporization in which large amounts of a liquid change into a gas at once � Evaporation: the type of vaporization that occurs when energetic particles burst through the surface of the liquid and escape �Condensation: the process in which a gas is turned into a liquid

Solid/Gas �Sublimation: the process in which a solid is converted directly into a gas �Deposition: the process in which a gas turns directly into a solid

Proteins �Some of the largest, most complex molecules of all

Solubility �Solubility is the ability of one material to be dissolved into another

Solutions �A solution is a mixture that is made when one material dissolves into another � 2 parts: Solvent: a gas, liquid, or solid in which another material is dissolved � Ex: Water: very good at dissolving things; universal solvent Solute: � Ex: material that is dissolved salt, sugar

�Soluble: a material is able to be dissolved Ex: Salt is soluble in water �Insoluble: materials that are not able to be dissolved Ex: a glass marble is insoluble in water

�Saturation: when no more of a material (solute) will dissolve in a solvent

�imploding soda can �steel barrel

�Read p. 37 - 39

Water � liquid solid