Ch 910 Earths Water Lesson 1 Surface Water

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Ch 9/10 Earth’s Water

Ch 9/10 Earth’s Water

Lesson 1 Surface Water: Rivers

Lesson 1 Surface Water: Rivers

Think About It… Why is it that the water in your bottle could have

Think About It… Why is it that the water in your bottle could have been drunk by George Washington?

Focus Question… What is the structure and functioning of the hydrosphere?

Focus Question… What is the structure and functioning of the hydrosphere?

The Water Cycle…

The Water Cycle…

Runoff… 1. Runoff is… • water flowing down slope along Earth’s surface http: //myecoproject.

Runoff… 1. Runoff is… • water flowing down slope along Earth’s surface http: //myecoproject. org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/stormwater. jpg

2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… a. Vegetation… • Soils that contain vegetation allow

2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… a. Vegetation… • Soils that contain vegetation allow more water to enter the ground.

2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… b. Rate of Precipitation… • During heavy precipitation,

2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… b. Rate of Precipitation… • During heavy precipitation, water falls too quickly to soak into the ground and becomes runoff. http: //luirig. altervista. org/cpm/albums/nrcs 3/normal_1389 -Runoff-from-a-heavy-rain-carries-topsoil-from-a-cr. jpg

2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… c. Soil Composition… i. Humus increases a soil’s

2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… c. Soil Composition… i. Humus increases a soil’s ability to retain water. ii. Soil with a high percentage of coarse particles allows water to enter. iii. Soil with a high percentage of small particles restricts the amount of water entering the soil.

2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… d. Slope… • The steeper the slope, the

2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… d. Slope… • The steeper the slope, the faster the water flows. • This leads to more runoff on steep slopes. http: //secretagentworms. org/images/runoff 2 nrcs. jpg

Stream Systems… 1. If a sufficient supply of water develops, the water begins to

Stream Systems… 1. If a sufficient supply of water develops, the water begins to flow more permanently in a channel and can become a stream. 2. A large stream is called a river and all its tributaries make up a river system.

The Rivers of North Carolina…

The Rivers of North Carolina…

Watersheds and Divides… 3. A watershed is all of the land area whose water

Watersheds and Divides… 3. A watershed is all of the land area whose water drains into a stream system. http: //dutchesswam. files. wordpress. com/2010/05/watershed-image-small. png

North Carolina Watersheds… http: //www. learnnc. org/lp/media/maps/nc/Watersheds-NC-map. jpg

North Carolina Watersheds… http: //www. learnnc. org/lp/media/maps/nc/Watersheds-NC-map. jpg

Watersheds and Divides… 4. A divide is a high land area that separates one

Watersheds and Divides… 4. A divide is a high land area that separates one watershed from another. • The Eastern Continental Divide is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Divides of North America… http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eastern_Continental_Divide

Divides of North America… http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eastern_Continental_Divide

Watersheds and Divides… 5. The watershed of the Mississippi River is the largest watershed

Watersheds and Divides… 5. The watershed of the Mississippi River is the largest watershed in North America! http: //www. epa. gov/gmpo/lmrsbc/index. html

Stream Load… 1. All the materials that the water in a stream carries is

Stream Load… 1. All the materials that the water in a stream carries is known as the stream’s load. http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/9/9 c/Stream_Load. gif

Stream Load… Three ways in which a stream carries its load. . . a.

Stream Load… Three ways in which a stream carries its load. . . a. Material is carried in solution after it becomes dissolved in a stream’s water. b. All particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence of a stream’s moving water are carried in suspension. c. Sediments that are too large or heavy to be held up by turbulent water are transported as a stream’s bed load. (See next slide. )

Stream Load… Potholes in a stream/river are scoured out by… • the abrasive action

Stream Load… Potholes in a stream/river are scoured out by… • the abrasive action of a stream’s bed load. http: //www. coolgeography. co. uk/A-level/AQA/Year%2012/Rivers, %20 Floods/Landforms. htm

Stream Velocity… 2. Carrying capacity is the ability of a stream to… • transport

Stream Velocity… 2. Carrying capacity is the ability of a stream to… • transport material http: //water. weather. gov/ahps 2/images/hydrograph_photos/muri 2_2. jpg

Floodplains… 1. When do floods occur? • when water spills over the sides of

Floodplains… 1. When do floods occur? • when water spills over the sides of a stream’s banks onto adjacent land (Soccer fields were built on the flood plain of the Yadkin River in Davie County. Why? ) http: //www. nowpublic. com/world/floodplain

Floodplains… 3. Which agency monitors potential flood conditions? • • The National Weather Service

Floodplains… 3. Which agency monitors potential flood conditions? • • The National Weather Service monitors changing weather conditions. USGS has established gauging station on more than 4400 streams in the USA! http: //pubs. usgs. gov/fs/2005/3113/images/Cropped_bridge. jpg

Moving Water Carves a Stream… The first condition necessary for stream formation is …

Moving Water Carves a Stream… The first condition necessary for stream formation is … • water! In time, moving water carves a … • stream channel The moving water in a stream flows within the • stream banks http: //www. riverbassin. com/site/tag/yadkin-river/ lhttp: //www. yadkinriverkeeper. org/

Formation of Stream Valleys… 1. As a stream actively erodes its path, it forms

Formation of Stream Valleys… 1. As a stream actively erodes its path, it forms a… • V-shaped valley http: //media-3. web. britannica. com/eb-media/78/3078 -004 -9 B 8860 F 2. jpg a. V-shaped channels have … • steep sides The Grand Canyon is a V-shaped valley.

Formation of Stream Valleys… http: //www. indiana. edu/~geol 116/week 9/rivprof. jpg Next 3 slides

Formation of Stream Valleys… http: //www. indiana. edu/~geol 116/week 9/rivprof. jpg Next 3 slides

Stream Valleys… 2. A bend or curve in a stream channel is a …

Stream Valleys… 2. A bend or curve in a stream channel is a … • meander The Cape Fear River The Yadkin River http: //www. wfae. org/wfae/images/Yadkin. jpg http: //www. wilmingtonbeachrentals. com/2010/02/cape-fear-river-facts-pictures. html

Meandering Streams… 3. Water in a stream flows at different velocities… a. Center –

Meandering Streams… 3. Water in a stream flows at different velocities… a. Center – maximum b. Bottom and sides – more slowly c. Outside of a meander – fastest rate of flow d. Inside of a meander – more slowly

Meandering Streams – A Diagram

Meandering Streams – A Diagram

Meandering Streams… 4. A blocked-off meander becomes an … • oxbow lake • We

Meandering Streams… 4. A blocked-off meander becomes an … • oxbow lake • We have our very own oxbow lake in the Carolinas – in the Congaree National Park just outside of Columbia, SC. http: //www. daviddarling. info/images/oxbow_lake. jpg

Oxbow Lakes… Oxbow Lake in the Amazon Oxbow Lakes in Alaska http: //muller. lbl.

Oxbow Lakes… Oxbow Lake in the Amazon Oxbow Lakes in Alaska http: //muller. lbl. gov/travel_photos/Amazon. Web. Pages-Pages/Image 1. html http: //www. alaska-in-pictures. com/oxbow-lake-aerial-3405 -pictures. htm

Meandering Streams… 5. The area of a stream that leads into the ocean or

Meandering Streams… 5. The area of a stream that leads into the ocean or another large body of water is called the … • mouth http: //carolinagreensense. com/uploaded_images/NIWB-731140. jpeg

A Bigger View! (Yadkin)Pee. Dee River

A Bigger View! (Yadkin)Pee. Dee River

Deposition of Sediment… 1. Streams that lose velocity also lose their ability to carry

Deposition of Sediment… 1. Streams that lose velocity also lose their ability to carry … • sediment 2. An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit commonly found in mountains. http: //practicalbio. blogspot. com/2011/09/sonoran-desert-soil-distributions. html Alluvial Fan in the Sonora Desert

Deposition of Sediment… 3. A delta is a triangular deposit that forms where a

Deposition of Sediment… 3. A delta is a triangular deposit that forms where a stream enters a large body of water. a. The city of New Orleans is on the Mississippi River Delta. The Mississippi River Delta – picture taken by Landsat 7 http: //earthasart. gsfc. nasa. gov/mississippi. html

Yadkin Riverkeeper Website… l The Yadkin Riverkeeper organization is a member of the international

Yadkin Riverkeeper Website… l The Yadkin Riverkeeper organization is a member of the international Waterkeeper organization. This alliance includes baykeepers, deltakeepers, riverkeepers, lakekeepers, etc. l http: //www. yadkinriverkeeper. org/content/v ideo-messages

Lesson 3 Lakes and Freshwater Wetlands

Lesson 3 Lakes and Freshwater Wetlands

Think About It… What is the biggest lake you have ever seen in person?

Think About It… What is the biggest lake you have ever seen in person?

Focus Question… Why are lakes and wetlands important?

Focus Question… Why are lakes and wetlands important?

A. Lakes… http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/High_Rock_Lake a. What is a lake? o a depression

A. Lakes… http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/High_Rock_Lake a. What is a lake? o a depression in land that holds water b. What determines where a lake can form? http: //www. city-data. com/picfilesv/picv 23839. php o the surface materials c. What is a pond? o a small lake d. What is a reservoir? o a manmade lake High Rock Lake

http: //www. nationalparked. com/US/Congaree/images/pages/Weston_Lake_Photo. php 2. Origins of Lakes… 1. Oxbow lake… o a

http: //www. nationalparked. com/US/Congaree/images/pages/Weston_Lake_Photo. php 2. Origins of Lakes… 1. Oxbow lake… o a meander gets cut off 2. Utah’s Great Salt Lake… o the remains of a sea 3. Moraine-dammed… o glacial melt is dammed by a moraine 4. Kettle lake… o Glacial melt in a depression created by the glacier Weston Lake (Oxbow) in Congaree National Park

Lakes…The Great Salt Lake in Utah lhttp: //www. americansouthwest. net/utah/salt_lake_desert/salt_l. html

Lakes…The Great Salt Lake in Utah lhttp: //www. americansouthwest. net/utah/salt_lake_desert/salt_l. html

Lakes…Moraine-dammed Lake in Alaska http: //pubs. usgs. gov/of/2004/1216/i/i. html

Lakes…Moraine-dammed Lake in Alaska http: //pubs. usgs. gov/of/2004/1216/i/i. html

Lakes…Kettle Lakes in Michigan http: //www. geo. msu. edu/geogmich/kettle_lakes. html

Lakes…Kettle Lakes in Michigan http: //www. geo. msu. edu/geogmich/kettle_lakes. html

3. Lakes Undergo Change… a. What maintains a lake’s water supply? The Aral Sea:

3. Lakes Undergo Change… a. What maintains a lake’s water supply? The Aral Sea: Uzbekistan o Precipitation, runoff, and underground water flow b. A lake will exist for a long time if… o it gets more water than it loses c. After a long time a lake will… o dry up and fill up! http: //earthobservatory. nasa. gov/IOTD/view. php? id=1396

3. Lakes Undergo Change… d. Eutrophication is… o when excess nutrients cause the overgrowth

3. Lakes Undergo Change… d. Eutrophication is… o when excess nutrients cause the overgrowth of algae which die and decay and use up oxygen Eutrophication in Australia e. The process of eutrophication can be sped up by… o over-fertilizing land near a waterway Fish kill in the Salton Sea, CA http: //www. eoearth. org/article/Eutrophication

Eutrophication Explained… https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Scheme_eutrophication-is. svg

Eutrophication Explained… https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Scheme_eutrophication-is. svg

Eutrophication Explained (in English!)… http: //library. thinkquest. org/04 oct/01590/pollution/culturaleutroph. jpg

Eutrophication Explained (in English!)… http: //library. thinkquest. org/04 oct/01590/pollution/culturaleutroph. jpg

C. Lakes Undergo Change… f. Four things that can pollute lakes are… o animal

C. Lakes Undergo Change… f. Four things that can pollute lakes are… o animal wastes o phosphate detergents o industrial toxins o untreated sewage

http: //www. tommangan. net/twoheeldrive/index. php/2009/11/29/easy-hike-at-historic-bethabara-park/ B. Freshwater Wetlands… 1. A wetland is… o land

http: //www. tommangan. net/twoheeldrive/index. php/2009/11/29/easy-hike-at-historic-bethabara-park/ B. Freshwater Wetlands… 1. A wetland is… o land that is soaked with water Three examples of wetlands are… a. bogs b. marshes c. swamps Boardwalk at Bethabara Park Our very own wetlands!

a. Bogs… ii. Water in a bog comes from… o precipitation iii. The soil

a. Bogs… ii. Water in a bog comes from… o precipitation iii. The soil in a bog is acidic because… o of the decaying moss – This slows bacterial growth which prevents nutrient recycling. http: //here 4 now. typepad. com/here 4 now/2011/05/weeks-bay-reserve. html A bog in Alabama http: //water. epa. gov/type/wetlands/bog. cfm

Bogs… iv. Interesting plants that live in a bog are the… o Venus fly

Bogs… iv. Interesting plants that live in a bog are the… o Venus fly trap o Sun dew o Pitcher plants V. These plants are carnivorous because of the nutrient-poor soil of the bog. They must digest insects to obtain nitrogen. http: //www. duke. edu/~jspippen/plants/carnivorousplants. htm

Marshes… i. Fresh water marshes often form… o At the mouth of a river

Marshes… i. Fresh water marshes often form… o At the mouth of a river iii. Marsh grasses… o Have shallow roots that anchor silt and mud deposits in a delta. (Builds land!) Brackish marsh near Wanchese, NC http: //www. duke. edu/~jspippen/vistas/outerbanks. htm

Marshes… iv. Plants found in a marsh include… o Grasses o Reeds o Sedges

Marshes… iv. Plants found in a marsh include… o Grasses o Reeds o Sedges o Rushes Marsh with reeds and rushes natural reserve near Ravenna, Italy

Swamps… i. A swamp is… o a low-lying area near a stream ii. Swamps

Swamps… i. A swamp is… o a low-lying area near a stream ii. Swamps may develop… o from marshes that have filled in and support the growth of shrubs and trees. Congaree National Park, SC http: //vogeltalksrving. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Mosquito-meter. jpg

Swamps… iii. Trees that grow in a swamp include… o mangrove trees o cypress

Swamps… iii. Trees that grow in a swamp include… o mangrove trees o cypress trees Mangroves in Biscayne National Park, FL Bald Cypress Trees in Florida

Swamps… iv. If a swamp were to be buried under tons of sediment… •

Swamps… iv. If a swamp were to be buried under tons of sediment… • COAL might form! http: //www. learner. org/courses/envsci/visual. php? shortname=coal_formation

3. Environmental Issues… a. Three valuable functions of wetlands include… o the filtering of

3. Environmental Issues… a. Three valuable functions of wetlands include… o the filtering of water o providing a habitat for migrating birds o fish nurseries! b. What percent of our wetlands were lost between the late 1700 s to mid-1980 s? o 50 % o Why were they filled in? Snow Geese in Prince William Sound http: //www. pwconserve. org/wildlife/birds/snowgoose. htm

Three Ways to Preserve Wetlands… l Education l Conservation l Regulation

Three Ways to Preserve Wetlands… l Education l Conservation l Regulation

Lesson The Movement, Storage, and Erosive Action of Groundwater

Lesson The Movement, Storage, and Erosive Action of Groundwater

Think About It… Does your family drink well water?

Think About It… Does your family drink well water?

Focus Question… How is groundwater stored and how does it move?

Focus Question… How is groundwater stored and how does it move?

The Hydrosphere… A. The hydrosphere is… • the water on and in Earth’s crust

The Hydrosphere… A. The hydrosphere is… • the water on and in Earth’s crust B 1. The percentage of water found in the oceans… • 97 • We don’t call ourselves the Blue Planet for nothing! B 2. The percentage of water contained by the landmasses… • 3 http: //www. earthview. pair. com/earth 300 color. jpg

C. Of the Freshwater on Earth… 1. 90% is in the form of… •

C. Of the Freshwater on Earth… 1. 90% is in the form of… • polar ice caps and glaciers 2. Most of the remaining water is… • groundwater 3. Only a small fraction is in… • rivers, streams, and lakes Alaska’s Glacier Bay http: //adventure. nationalgeographic. com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/

The World’s Water Supply… l Oceans – 97. 2% - thousands of years l

The World’s Water Supply… l Oceans – 97. 2% - thousands of years l Ice caps and glaciers – 2. 15% - tens of thousands of years l Groundwater -. 31% - hundreds to thousands of years l Lakes -. 009% - tens of years l Atmosphere -. 001% - nine days! l Rivers and streams -. 0001% - two weeks

Precipitation and Groundwater… 1. The Water Cycle… a. oceans b. groundwater 2. It returns

Precipitation and Groundwater… 1. The Water Cycle… a. oceans b. groundwater 2. It returns to the surface and to the ocean

Groundwater Storage… 1 a. The percentage of pore space in a material is called…

Groundwater Storage… 1 a. The percentage of pore space in a material is called… • porosity 1 b. The types of soil that have the highest porosity are… • well-sorted 2 a. Groundwater is stored… • in the pore spaces of rocks and sediments (See picture ) http: //core. ecu. edu/geology/woods/GWANSW 2008_files/image 002. jpg

Groundwater Storage… c. The zone of saturation is… • the depth below Earth’s surface

Groundwater Storage… c. The zone of saturation is… • the depth below Earth’s surface at which groundwater completely fills all the pores d. The upper boundary of this zone is… • the water table

e. Figure 10 -2: Groundwater Storage (p. 421)

e. Figure 10 -2: Groundwater Storage (p. 421)

Groundwater Storage… f. The depth of the water table varies… a. swampy areas –

Groundwater Storage… f. The depth of the water table varies… a. swampy areas – almost at Earth’s surface b. arid regions – far beneath Earth’s surface c. hilltops – tens to hundreds of meters beneath the surface Green Swamp, FL

Groundwater Storage… g. If the water table is high, it is more likely to

Groundwater Storage… g. If the water table is high, it is more likely to flood and vice versa. h. The water table fluctuates with the seasons and weather conditions because… • of its dependence on precipitation to recharge it http: //www. tulane. edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab. gif

Groundwater Movement… 1. What is permeability? • the ability of a material to let

Groundwater Movement… 1. What is permeability? • the ability of a material to let water pass through it a. What subsurface materials are permeable? • substances with large connected pores like sand, sandstone, and gravel b. What subsurface materials are impermeable? • fine-grained substances like clay, silt, and shale c. Why is clay used to line ponds & landfills? • It is so impermeable (our storm drainage pond)

Aquifer… 2. An aquifer is the underground storage area for water consisting of permeable

Aquifer… 2. An aquifer is the underground storage area for water consisting of permeable rock layers. 3. An aquiclude is an impermeable layer above or below an aquifer.

Groundwater: A Music Video… l The Story of Groundwater! l http: //www. groundwater. org/kc/groundwat

Groundwater: A Music Video… l The Story of Groundwater! l http: //www. groundwater. org/kc/groundwat er_animation. html

Lesson Groundwater Erosion and Deposition

Lesson Groundwater Erosion and Deposition

Think About It… Why do some homes in Florida get swallowed up by the

Think About It… Why do some homes in Florida get swallowed up by the ground?

Focus Question… What are the unique features of caves?

Focus Question… What are the unique features of caves?

A. Caves… 1. What is a cave? • A natural underground opening with a

A. Caves… 1. What is a cave? • A natural underground opening with a connection to Earth’s surface 2. Which acid forms caves? • Carbonic acid (H 2 O + CO 2 in the soil) 3. Which rock is eroded by this acid to form a cave? • limestone

Caves of the USA… Mammoth Cave, Kentucky Carlsbad Caverns, N. Mexico Lechuguilla Cave, N.

Caves of the USA… Mammoth Cave, Kentucky Carlsbad Caverns, N. Mexico Lechuguilla Cave, N. Mexico http: //www. britannica. com/blogs/2011/07/dark-depths-mammoth-cave/ http: //giantcrystals. strahlen. org/america/lechuguilla. htm http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Witchs_Finger_Carlsbad_Caverns. jpg

Mammoth Cave: A Closer Look… http: //images. travelpod. com/users/socks/1. 1248576883. mammoth-cave-river-styx-tour-route. jpg

Mammoth Cave: A Closer Look… http: //images. travelpod. com/users/socks/1. 1248576883. mammoth-cave-river-styx-tour-route. jpg

Cave Formations… http: //www. cr. nps. gov/history/online_books/orca/underworld/sec 1 b. htm

Cave Formations… http: //www. cr. nps. gov/history/online_books/orca/underworld/sec 1 b. htm

Karst Topography - Sinkholes… 6. What is a sinkhole? • A depression in the

Karst Topography - Sinkholes… 6. What is a sinkhole? • A depression in the ground caused by the collapse of a cave • http: //southea stsinkhole. co m/

http: //www. virginiacaves. org/lok/ccvup 56. htm Karst Topography 7. Karst topography are limestone regions

http: //www. virginiacaves. org/lok/ccvup 56. htm Karst Topography 7. Karst topography are limestone regions that have sinkholes, sinks, and sinking streams – named for an area in Croatia. A aerial photograph of a classic Karst terrain north of Lewisburg, WV

Karst Topography…

Karst Topography…

Karst Topography • Missouri http: //www. mospeleo. org/ozark_caving/springs/sprkarst. htm

Karst Topography • Missouri http: //www. mospeleo. org/ozark_caving/springs/sprkarst. htm

Hard Water… 9. Hard water is water that contains high concentrations of calcium, magnesiun,

Hard Water… 9. Hard water is water that contains high concentrations of calcium, magnesiun, or iron. • • • Common in limestone areas Causes deposits of calcium bicarbonate and can clog water pipes. (p. 247) More soap must be used

A. Springs… 1. Ground water discharges at… • Earth’s surface 2. These natural discharges

A. Springs… 1. Ground water discharges at… • Earth’s surface 2. These natural discharges of water are called… • springs 3. Water may flow out of a rock when… • an aquifer and an aquiclude come in contact

http: //www. eyekonic. net/gallery 2/d/1232 -2/Ponce_20 De_20 Leon_20 Springs_202. jpg Ponce De Leon Springs

http: //www. eyekonic. net/gallery 2/d/1232 -2/Ponce_20 De_20 Leon_20 Springs_202. jpg Ponce De Leon Springs

Location of Springs: B. Perched Water Table A. Near Horizontal Sedimentary Layers D. Limestone

Location of Springs: B. Perched Water Table A. Near Horizontal Sedimentary Layers D. Limestone Regions http: //www. physicalgeography. net/fundamentals/8 m. html C. Fault-blocked

Hot Springs… 4. The temperature of ground water is… • the same as the

Hot Springs… 4. The temperature of ground water is… • the same as the average annual temperature 5. Hot springs are… • springs which have temperatures higher than the human body 6. Hot springs are so hot because… • • the subsurface is still hot from relatively recent igneous activity Picture on next slide

Hot Springs at Yellowstone N. P. http: //www. guideoftravels. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Yellowstone-National-Park. jpg

Hot Springs at Yellowstone N. P. http: //www. guideoftravels. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Yellowstone-National-Park. jpg

http: //www. gogobot. com/old_faithful_geyser_and_upper-yellowstone_national_park-attraction Springs and Geysers… 7. Most hot springs in our country

http: //www. gogobot. com/old_faithful_geyser_and_upper-yellowstone_national_park-attraction Springs and Geysers… 7. Most hot springs in our country are found in the… • western states 8. A geyser is an … • explosive spring that erupts at regular intervals Old Faithful Geyser Yellowstone NP

Wells… 9. A well is… • a hole dug to reach a reservoir of

Wells… 9. A well is… • a hole dug to reach a reservoir of groundwater 10. A cone of depression is produced by… • the over pumping of wells 11. Drawdown is… • the difference between the original water table level and that of a pumped well 12. Recharge is… • when water from rain or runoff is added to an aquifer

Wells… http: //pubs. usgs. gov/gip/gw_ruralhomeowner_new. html

Wells… http: //pubs. usgs. gov/gip/gw_ruralhomeowner_new. html

Wells… 13. An artesian well flows from a deep, confined aquifer which contains water

Wells… 13. An artesian well flows from a deep, confined aquifer which contains water under pressure.

Lesson 5 Use, Abuse, and Conservation of Water Resources

Lesson 5 Use, Abuse, and Conservation of Water Resources

I. Threats to Our Water Supply… a. Overuse b. Subsidence (sinking land over an

I. Threats to Our Water Supply… a. Overuse b. Subsidence (sinking land over an aquifer) c. Pollution in groundwater (sewage, industrial waste, landfills, agriculture) d. Chemicals (not filtered out by sediments; hard to remove from groundwater) e. Salt (one of the major threats to groundwater supplies; esp. coastal areas)

Protection of Groundwater… 1. Identify and eliminate pollution sources. 2. Monitor pollution. 3. Pump

Protection of Groundwater… 1. Identify and eliminate pollution sources. 2. Monitor pollution. 3. Pump groundwater to surface and treat it.

II. Water Use – The Importance of Water 1. Four important uses of freshwater…

II. Water Use – The Importance of Water 1. Four important uses of freshwater… 1. Agriculture, transportation, recreation, drinking! 2. Water is indispensable for life on Earth because… 1. 2. 3. 4. It exists as a liquid It stores a lot of heat It is the universal solvent Solid water expands

A. The Importance of Water… 3. Eastern states get the most precipitation. 1. Eastern

A. The Importance of Water… 3. Eastern states get the most precipitation. 1. Eastern states use their water for cooling, energy production, and manufacturing. 2. Western states use their water for irrigation. 4. Withdrawal rates of freshwater are increasing each year because… 1. …our population is growing!

Western states use more water for growing their crops…

Western states use more water for growing their crops…

Use of Water in the USA… http: //fracfocus. org/sites/default/files/water-use-pie-chart. jpg

Use of Water in the USA… http: //fracfocus. org/sites/default/files/water-use-pie-chart. jpg

B. Managing Freshwater Resources 1. Dams are built to… 1. …control flooding downstream and

B. Managing Freshwater Resources 1. Dams are built to… 1. …control flooding downstream and to manage freshwater resources 2. In the USA, 23% of all freshwater is obtained from… 1. aquifers (groundwater) 2. Florida, Hawaii, and Nebraska depend almost entirely on groundwater.

B. Managing Freshwater Resources 3. Drawdown causes… 1. wells to go dry 2. streams

B. Managing Freshwater Resources 3. Drawdown causes… 1. wells to go dry 2. streams to run low or go dry 3. shallow aquifers on the coast to get salty (This is called salt water intrusion) 4. Desalination is removing salt from seawater to make freshwater. It is not practical due to high costs. See next slide…

Saltwater Intrusion… http: //www. wrd. org/engineering/images/seawater-intrusion. gif

Saltwater Intrusion… http: //www. wrd. org/engineering/images/seawater-intrusion. gif

Desalination… http: //www. tampabaywater. org/tampa-bay-seawater-desalination-plant. aspx

Desalination… http: //www. tampabaywater. org/tampa-bay-seawater-desalination-plant. aspx

III. Water Pollution… A. Types of Pollution… 1. Point sources … 1. have a

III. Water Pollution… A. Types of Pollution… 1. Point sources … 1. have a single point of origin (often a piped discharge) 2. Three examples include (but aren’t limited to)… a. sewage b. spills c. industry

III. Water Pollution… A. Types of Pollution… 1. Nonpoint sources … 1. come from

III. Water Pollution… A. Types of Pollution… 1. Nonpoint sources … 1. come from widely spread areas and cannot be identified and cleaned up as easily. 2. Two examples include (but aren’t limited to)… a. pesticides and fertilizers from farms and yards b. oil and gasoline from parking lots

B. Clean up! l Surface water is more easily polluted than groundwater but easier

B. Clean up! l Surface water is more easily polluted than groundwater but easier to clean up.

C. Reducing Water Pollution… 1. The Safe Drinking Water Act (1974) was designed to

C. Reducing Water Pollution… 1. The Safe Drinking Water Act (1974) was designed to … 1. …ensure our citizens have safe drinking water 2. Our water does not always meet these standards. 2. The Clean Water Act (1972) was created to… a. eliminate sources of water pollution b. restore water quality

IV. Water Conservation A. Community Water Conservation 1. Farmers can use irrigation techniques like

IV. Water Conservation A. Community Water Conservation 1. Farmers can use irrigation techniques like trickle irrigation to save water. http: //www. tricklering. com/ 2. Industries can use recycled or gray water to save water. B. Personal Conservation: How can you and I conserve water in our homes and yards?

Lesson 7 Video Clip… l The Cycle of Insanity: The Real Story of Water

Lesson 7 Video Clip… l The Cycle of Insanity: The Real Story of Water l http: //www. rivernetwork. org/blog/7/2010/04/12/new-surfrider-videoshows-%E 2%80%98 -real-story-water%E 2%80%99