Ch 910 Earths Water Lesson 1 Surface Water
- Slides: 112
Ch 9/10 Earth’s Water
Lesson 1 Surface Water: Rivers
Think About It… Why is it that the water in your bottle could have been drunk by George Washington?
Focus Question… What is the structure and functioning of the hydrosphere?
The Water Cycle…
Runoff… 1. Runoff is… • water flowing down slope along Earth’s surface http: //myecoproject. org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/stormwater. jpg
2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… a. Vegetation… • Soils that contain vegetation allow more water to enter the ground.
2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… b. Rate of Precipitation… • During heavy precipitation, water falls too quickly to soak into the ground and becomes runoff. http: //luirig. altervista. org/cpm/albums/nrcs 3/normal_1389 -Runoff-from-a-heavy-rain-carries-topsoil-from-a-cr. jpg
2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… c. Soil Composition… i. Humus increases a soil’s ability to retain water. ii. Soil with a high percentage of coarse particles allows water to enter. iii. Soil with a high percentage of small particles restricts the amount of water entering the soil.
2. Four Factors that Affect Runoff… d. Slope… • The steeper the slope, the faster the water flows. • This leads to more runoff on steep slopes. http: //secretagentworms. org/images/runoff 2 nrcs. jpg
Stream Systems… 1. If a sufficient supply of water develops, the water begins to flow more permanently in a channel and can become a stream. 2. A large stream is called a river and all its tributaries make up a river system.
The Rivers of North Carolina…
Watersheds and Divides… 3. A watershed is all of the land area whose water drains into a stream system. http: //dutchesswam. files. wordpress. com/2010/05/watershed-image-small. png
North Carolina Watersheds… http: //www. learnnc. org/lp/media/maps/nc/Watersheds-NC-map. jpg
Watersheds and Divides… 4. A divide is a high land area that separates one watershed from another. • The Eastern Continental Divide is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Divides of North America… http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eastern_Continental_Divide
Watersheds and Divides… 5. The watershed of the Mississippi River is the largest watershed in North America! http: //www. epa. gov/gmpo/lmrsbc/index. html
Stream Load… 1. All the materials that the water in a stream carries is known as the stream’s load. http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/9/9 c/Stream_Load. gif
Stream Load… Three ways in which a stream carries its load. . . a. Material is carried in solution after it becomes dissolved in a stream’s water. b. All particles small enough to be held up by the turbulence of a stream’s moving water are carried in suspension. c. Sediments that are too large or heavy to be held up by turbulent water are transported as a stream’s bed load. (See next slide. )
Stream Load… Potholes in a stream/river are scoured out by… • the abrasive action of a stream’s bed load. http: //www. coolgeography. co. uk/A-level/AQA/Year%2012/Rivers, %20 Floods/Landforms. htm
Stream Velocity… 2. Carrying capacity is the ability of a stream to… • transport material http: //water. weather. gov/ahps 2/images/hydrograph_photos/muri 2_2. jpg
Floodplains… 1. When do floods occur? • when water spills over the sides of a stream’s banks onto adjacent land (Soccer fields were built on the flood plain of the Yadkin River in Davie County. Why? ) http: //www. nowpublic. com/world/floodplain
Floodplains… 3. Which agency monitors potential flood conditions? • • The National Weather Service monitors changing weather conditions. USGS has established gauging station on more than 4400 streams in the USA! http: //pubs. usgs. gov/fs/2005/3113/images/Cropped_bridge. jpg
Moving Water Carves a Stream… The first condition necessary for stream formation is … • water! In time, moving water carves a … • stream channel The moving water in a stream flows within the • stream banks http: //www. riverbassin. com/site/tag/yadkin-river/ lhttp: //www. yadkinriverkeeper. org/
Formation of Stream Valleys… 1. As a stream actively erodes its path, it forms a… • V-shaped valley http: //media-3. web. britannica. com/eb-media/78/3078 -004 -9 B 8860 F 2. jpg a. V-shaped channels have … • steep sides The Grand Canyon is a V-shaped valley.
Formation of Stream Valleys… http: //www. indiana. edu/~geol 116/week 9/rivprof. jpg Next 3 slides
Stream Valleys… 2. A bend or curve in a stream channel is a … • meander The Cape Fear River The Yadkin River http: //www. wfae. org/wfae/images/Yadkin. jpg http: //www. wilmingtonbeachrentals. com/2010/02/cape-fear-river-facts-pictures. html
Meandering Streams… 3. Water in a stream flows at different velocities… a. Center – maximum b. Bottom and sides – more slowly c. Outside of a meander – fastest rate of flow d. Inside of a meander – more slowly
Meandering Streams – A Diagram
Meandering Streams… 4. A blocked-off meander becomes an … • oxbow lake • We have our very own oxbow lake in the Carolinas – in the Congaree National Park just outside of Columbia, SC. http: //www. daviddarling. info/images/oxbow_lake. jpg
Oxbow Lakes… Oxbow Lake in the Amazon Oxbow Lakes in Alaska http: //muller. lbl. gov/travel_photos/Amazon. Web. Pages-Pages/Image 1. html http: //www. alaska-in-pictures. com/oxbow-lake-aerial-3405 -pictures. htm
Meandering Streams… 5. The area of a stream that leads into the ocean or another large body of water is called the … • mouth http: //carolinagreensense. com/uploaded_images/NIWB-731140. jpeg
A Bigger View! (Yadkin)Pee. Dee River
Deposition of Sediment… 1. Streams that lose velocity also lose their ability to carry … • sediment 2. An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit commonly found in mountains. http: //practicalbio. blogspot. com/2011/09/sonoran-desert-soil-distributions. html Alluvial Fan in the Sonora Desert
Deposition of Sediment… 3. A delta is a triangular deposit that forms where a stream enters a large body of water. a. The city of New Orleans is on the Mississippi River Delta. The Mississippi River Delta – picture taken by Landsat 7 http: //earthasart. gsfc. nasa. gov/mississippi. html
Yadkin Riverkeeper Website… l The Yadkin Riverkeeper organization is a member of the international Waterkeeper organization. This alliance includes baykeepers, deltakeepers, riverkeepers, lakekeepers, etc. l http: //www. yadkinriverkeeper. org/content/v ideo-messages
Lesson 3 Lakes and Freshwater Wetlands
Think About It… What is the biggest lake you have ever seen in person?
Focus Question… Why are lakes and wetlands important?
A. Lakes… http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/High_Rock_Lake a. What is a lake? o a depression in land that holds water b. What determines where a lake can form? http: //www. city-data. com/picfilesv/picv 23839. php o the surface materials c. What is a pond? o a small lake d. What is a reservoir? o a manmade lake High Rock Lake
http: //www. nationalparked. com/US/Congaree/images/pages/Weston_Lake_Photo. php 2. Origins of Lakes… 1. Oxbow lake… o a meander gets cut off 2. Utah’s Great Salt Lake… o the remains of a sea 3. Moraine-dammed… o glacial melt is dammed by a moraine 4. Kettle lake… o Glacial melt in a depression created by the glacier Weston Lake (Oxbow) in Congaree National Park
Lakes…The Great Salt Lake in Utah lhttp: //www. americansouthwest. net/utah/salt_lake_desert/salt_l. html
Lakes…Moraine-dammed Lake in Alaska http: //pubs. usgs. gov/of/2004/1216/i/i. html
Lakes…Kettle Lakes in Michigan http: //www. geo. msu. edu/geogmich/kettle_lakes. html
3. Lakes Undergo Change… a. What maintains a lake’s water supply? The Aral Sea: Uzbekistan o Precipitation, runoff, and underground water flow b. A lake will exist for a long time if… o it gets more water than it loses c. After a long time a lake will… o dry up and fill up! http: //earthobservatory. nasa. gov/IOTD/view. php? id=1396
3. Lakes Undergo Change… d. Eutrophication is… o when excess nutrients cause the overgrowth of algae which die and decay and use up oxygen Eutrophication in Australia e. The process of eutrophication can be sped up by… o over-fertilizing land near a waterway Fish kill in the Salton Sea, CA http: //www. eoearth. org/article/Eutrophication
Eutrophication Explained… https: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Scheme_eutrophication-is. svg
Eutrophication Explained (in English!)… http: //library. thinkquest. org/04 oct/01590/pollution/culturaleutroph. jpg
C. Lakes Undergo Change… f. Four things that can pollute lakes are… o animal wastes o phosphate detergents o industrial toxins o untreated sewage
http: //www. tommangan. net/twoheeldrive/index. php/2009/11/29/easy-hike-at-historic-bethabara-park/ B. Freshwater Wetlands… 1. A wetland is… o land that is soaked with water Three examples of wetlands are… a. bogs b. marshes c. swamps Boardwalk at Bethabara Park Our very own wetlands!
a. Bogs… ii. Water in a bog comes from… o precipitation iii. The soil in a bog is acidic because… o of the decaying moss – This slows bacterial growth which prevents nutrient recycling. http: //here 4 now. typepad. com/here 4 now/2011/05/weeks-bay-reserve. html A bog in Alabama http: //water. epa. gov/type/wetlands/bog. cfm
Bogs… iv. Interesting plants that live in a bog are the… o Venus fly trap o Sun dew o Pitcher plants V. These plants are carnivorous because of the nutrient-poor soil of the bog. They must digest insects to obtain nitrogen. http: //www. duke. edu/~jspippen/plants/carnivorousplants. htm
Marshes… i. Fresh water marshes often form… o At the mouth of a river iii. Marsh grasses… o Have shallow roots that anchor silt and mud deposits in a delta. (Builds land!) Brackish marsh near Wanchese, NC http: //www. duke. edu/~jspippen/vistas/outerbanks. htm
Marshes… iv. Plants found in a marsh include… o Grasses o Reeds o Sedges o Rushes Marsh with reeds and rushes natural reserve near Ravenna, Italy
Swamps… i. A swamp is… o a low-lying area near a stream ii. Swamps may develop… o from marshes that have filled in and support the growth of shrubs and trees. Congaree National Park, SC http: //vogeltalksrving. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Mosquito-meter. jpg
Swamps… iii. Trees that grow in a swamp include… o mangrove trees o cypress trees Mangroves in Biscayne National Park, FL Bald Cypress Trees in Florida
Swamps… iv. If a swamp were to be buried under tons of sediment… • COAL might form! http: //www. learner. org/courses/envsci/visual. php? shortname=coal_formation
3. Environmental Issues… a. Three valuable functions of wetlands include… o the filtering of water o providing a habitat for migrating birds o fish nurseries! b. What percent of our wetlands were lost between the late 1700 s to mid-1980 s? o 50 % o Why were they filled in? Snow Geese in Prince William Sound http: //www. pwconserve. org/wildlife/birds/snowgoose. htm
Three Ways to Preserve Wetlands… l Education l Conservation l Regulation
Lesson The Movement, Storage, and Erosive Action of Groundwater
Think About It… Does your family drink well water?
Focus Question… How is groundwater stored and how does it move?
The Hydrosphere… A. The hydrosphere is… • the water on and in Earth’s crust B 1. The percentage of water found in the oceans… • 97 • We don’t call ourselves the Blue Planet for nothing! B 2. The percentage of water contained by the landmasses… • 3 http: //www. earthview. pair. com/earth 300 color. jpg
C. Of the Freshwater on Earth… 1. 90% is in the form of… • polar ice caps and glaciers 2. Most of the remaining water is… • groundwater 3. Only a small fraction is in… • rivers, streams, and lakes Alaska’s Glacier Bay http: //adventure. nationalgeographic. com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/
The World’s Water Supply… l Oceans – 97. 2% - thousands of years l Ice caps and glaciers – 2. 15% - tens of thousands of years l Groundwater -. 31% - hundreds to thousands of years l Lakes -. 009% - tens of years l Atmosphere -. 001% - nine days! l Rivers and streams -. 0001% - two weeks
Precipitation and Groundwater… 1. The Water Cycle… a. oceans b. groundwater 2. It returns to the surface and to the ocean
Groundwater Storage… 1 a. The percentage of pore space in a material is called… • porosity 1 b. The types of soil that have the highest porosity are… • well-sorted 2 a. Groundwater is stored… • in the pore spaces of rocks and sediments (See picture ) http: //core. ecu. edu/geology/woods/GWANSW 2008_files/image 002. jpg
Groundwater Storage… c. The zone of saturation is… • the depth below Earth’s surface at which groundwater completely fills all the pores d. The upper boundary of this zone is… • the water table
e. Figure 10 -2: Groundwater Storage (p. 421)
Groundwater Storage… f. The depth of the water table varies… a. swampy areas – almost at Earth’s surface b. arid regions – far beneath Earth’s surface c. hilltops – tens to hundreds of meters beneath the surface Green Swamp, FL
Groundwater Storage… g. If the water table is high, it is more likely to flood and vice versa. h. The water table fluctuates with the seasons and weather conditions because… • of its dependence on precipitation to recharge it http: //www. tulane. edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab. gif
Groundwater Movement… 1. What is permeability? • the ability of a material to let water pass through it a. What subsurface materials are permeable? • substances with large connected pores like sand, sandstone, and gravel b. What subsurface materials are impermeable? • fine-grained substances like clay, silt, and shale c. Why is clay used to line ponds & landfills? • It is so impermeable (our storm drainage pond)
Aquifer… 2. An aquifer is the underground storage area for water consisting of permeable rock layers. 3. An aquiclude is an impermeable layer above or below an aquifer.
Groundwater: A Music Video… l The Story of Groundwater! l http: //www. groundwater. org/kc/groundwat er_animation. html
Lesson Groundwater Erosion and Deposition
Think About It… Why do some homes in Florida get swallowed up by the ground?
Focus Question… What are the unique features of caves?
A. Caves… 1. What is a cave? • A natural underground opening with a connection to Earth’s surface 2. Which acid forms caves? • Carbonic acid (H 2 O + CO 2 in the soil) 3. Which rock is eroded by this acid to form a cave? • limestone
Caves of the USA… Mammoth Cave, Kentucky Carlsbad Caverns, N. Mexico Lechuguilla Cave, N. Mexico http: //www. britannica. com/blogs/2011/07/dark-depths-mammoth-cave/ http: //giantcrystals. strahlen. org/america/lechuguilla. htm http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Witchs_Finger_Carlsbad_Caverns. jpg
Mammoth Cave: A Closer Look… http: //images. travelpod. com/users/socks/1. 1248576883. mammoth-cave-river-styx-tour-route. jpg
Cave Formations… http: //www. cr. nps. gov/history/online_books/orca/underworld/sec 1 b. htm
Karst Topography - Sinkholes… 6. What is a sinkhole? • A depression in the ground caused by the collapse of a cave • http: //southea stsinkhole. co m/
http: //www. virginiacaves. org/lok/ccvup 56. htm Karst Topography 7. Karst topography are limestone regions that have sinkholes, sinks, and sinking streams – named for an area in Croatia. A aerial photograph of a classic Karst terrain north of Lewisburg, WV
Karst Topography…
Karst Topography • Missouri http: //www. mospeleo. org/ozark_caving/springs/sprkarst. htm
Hard Water… 9. Hard water is water that contains high concentrations of calcium, magnesiun, or iron. • • • Common in limestone areas Causes deposits of calcium bicarbonate and can clog water pipes. (p. 247) More soap must be used
A. Springs… 1. Ground water discharges at… • Earth’s surface 2. These natural discharges of water are called… • springs 3. Water may flow out of a rock when… • an aquifer and an aquiclude come in contact
http: //www. eyekonic. net/gallery 2/d/1232 -2/Ponce_20 De_20 Leon_20 Springs_202. jpg Ponce De Leon Springs
Location of Springs: B. Perched Water Table A. Near Horizontal Sedimentary Layers D. Limestone Regions http: //www. physicalgeography. net/fundamentals/8 m. html C. Fault-blocked
Hot Springs… 4. The temperature of ground water is… • the same as the average annual temperature 5. Hot springs are… • springs which have temperatures higher than the human body 6. Hot springs are so hot because… • • the subsurface is still hot from relatively recent igneous activity Picture on next slide
Hot Springs at Yellowstone N. P. http: //www. guideoftravels. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Yellowstone-National-Park. jpg
http: //www. gogobot. com/old_faithful_geyser_and_upper-yellowstone_national_park-attraction Springs and Geysers… 7. Most hot springs in our country are found in the… • western states 8. A geyser is an … • explosive spring that erupts at regular intervals Old Faithful Geyser Yellowstone NP
Wells… 9. A well is… • a hole dug to reach a reservoir of groundwater 10. A cone of depression is produced by… • the over pumping of wells 11. Drawdown is… • the difference between the original water table level and that of a pumped well 12. Recharge is… • when water from rain or runoff is added to an aquifer
Wells… http: //pubs. usgs. gov/gip/gw_ruralhomeowner_new. html
Wells… 13. An artesian well flows from a deep, confined aquifer which contains water under pressure.
Lesson 5 Use, Abuse, and Conservation of Water Resources
I. Threats to Our Water Supply… a. Overuse b. Subsidence (sinking land over an aquifer) c. Pollution in groundwater (sewage, industrial waste, landfills, agriculture) d. Chemicals (not filtered out by sediments; hard to remove from groundwater) e. Salt (one of the major threats to groundwater supplies; esp. coastal areas)
Protection of Groundwater… 1. Identify and eliminate pollution sources. 2. Monitor pollution. 3. Pump groundwater to surface and treat it.
II. Water Use – The Importance of Water 1. Four important uses of freshwater… 1. Agriculture, transportation, recreation, drinking! 2. Water is indispensable for life on Earth because… 1. 2. 3. 4. It exists as a liquid It stores a lot of heat It is the universal solvent Solid water expands
A. The Importance of Water… 3. Eastern states get the most precipitation. 1. Eastern states use their water for cooling, energy production, and manufacturing. 2. Western states use their water for irrigation. 4. Withdrawal rates of freshwater are increasing each year because… 1. …our population is growing!
Western states use more water for growing their crops…
Use of Water in the USA… http: //fracfocus. org/sites/default/files/water-use-pie-chart. jpg
B. Managing Freshwater Resources 1. Dams are built to… 1. …control flooding downstream and to manage freshwater resources 2. In the USA, 23% of all freshwater is obtained from… 1. aquifers (groundwater) 2. Florida, Hawaii, and Nebraska depend almost entirely on groundwater.
B. Managing Freshwater Resources 3. Drawdown causes… 1. wells to go dry 2. streams to run low or go dry 3. shallow aquifers on the coast to get salty (This is called salt water intrusion) 4. Desalination is removing salt from seawater to make freshwater. It is not practical due to high costs. See next slide…
Saltwater Intrusion… http: //www. wrd. org/engineering/images/seawater-intrusion. gif
Desalination… http: //www. tampabaywater. org/tampa-bay-seawater-desalination-plant. aspx
III. Water Pollution… A. Types of Pollution… 1. Point sources … 1. have a single point of origin (often a piped discharge) 2. Three examples include (but aren’t limited to)… a. sewage b. spills c. industry
III. Water Pollution… A. Types of Pollution… 1. Nonpoint sources … 1. come from widely spread areas and cannot be identified and cleaned up as easily. 2. Two examples include (but aren’t limited to)… a. pesticides and fertilizers from farms and yards b. oil and gasoline from parking lots
B. Clean up! l Surface water is more easily polluted than groundwater but easier to clean up.
C. Reducing Water Pollution… 1. The Safe Drinking Water Act (1974) was designed to … 1. …ensure our citizens have safe drinking water 2. Our water does not always meet these standards. 2. The Clean Water Act (1972) was created to… a. eliminate sources of water pollution b. restore water quality
IV. Water Conservation A. Community Water Conservation 1. Farmers can use irrigation techniques like trickle irrigation to save water. http: //www. tricklering. com/ 2. Industries can use recycled or gray water to save water. B. Personal Conservation: How can you and I conserve water in our homes and yards?
Lesson 7 Video Clip… l The Cycle of Insanity: The Real Story of Water l http: //www. rivernetwork. org/blog/7/2010/04/12/new-surfrider-videoshows-%E 2%80%98 -real-story-water%E 2%80%99
- Nia 910
- Dm 910 del 2017
- Myuowd
- Et 910
- Suturas simples
- 910 dewey decimal
- Douay decimal system
- Tomtom go 910 update
- Mmc 910
- Afge local 910
- Digitrace 910 controller
- Water and water and water water
- The earths layers foldable
- Earths roation
- Whats a natural satellite
- Earths biomes
- Most common elements in the earth's crust
- How thick is the earths crust
- Whats earths moon called
- Thickest layer of the earth
- Earths early atmosphere contained
- Earth's layers foldable
- Earths major crustal plates
- Earths orbit seasons
- Brown earth soil ireland
- Study of earth's physical features
- Earth honey
- Whats the name of earths moon
- Pangea explanation
- Earths crust
- Where
- What does the earths tilt cause
- Atmosphere definition
- What shape is the earths orbit
- The emperor constantine i recycled sculpture
- What does earths tilt do
- Earths boundaries
- Earths 4 spheres
- Lateral perimeter
- Spin coat
- Surface area of a cone
- Surface area of a silo
- 12-6 surface areas and volumes of spheres
- 12-2 surface areas of prisms and cylinders
- Objectives of cube
- Lesson 22 surface area
- Lesson 11-3 surface areas of pyramids and cones
- Lesson 10-4 surface area of prisms and cylinders
- 10-4 surface area of prisms and cylinders
- 10-4 surface area of prisms and cylinders
- Surface area of a pyramid
- 12-3 practice surface areas of pyramids and cones
- Surface water supply index
- Nj groundwater quality standards
- Tceq integrated report
- Water covers earth surface
- Water flowing downslope along earth's surface
- Texas surface water quality standards
- Chapter 9 surface water chapter assessment answer key
- Water permeable
- How does water purity affect surface tension hypothesis
- A ray of light in glass is incident on a boundary with air
- How much of the earth's surface is covered with water
- Whats surface tension
- Uses of surface water
- Uses of surface water
- Eos brussels
- A fish swims below the surface of the water
- A fish swims below the surface of the water
- Lesson outline lesson 3 describing circuits answers
- Lesson outline lesson 3 mountain building answers
- Lesson outline lesson 2 aquatic ecosystems answer key
- Micro lesson example
- Post-lesson assessment: l 101 lesson 1
- Lesson plan on a gift of chappals
- Chapter 1 lesson 1 your total health answer key
- Lesson outline lesson 3 answer key
- Sat vocabulary lesson and practice lesson 4
- Physical properties lesson 2
- The science duo physical and chemical changes
- Unit 6 lesson 1 climates of the world
- Lesson outline case study lesson 3
- Measurement and scientific tools lesson 2
- Fingerprint galton details
- Unit 1 lesson 1
- Lesson 4 gravity and motion lesson review
- Lesson outline lesson 2 the muscular system answer key
- Wave properties lesson 2
- Today's lesson or today lesson
- 1 important lesson that is worth sharing about this lesson
- Example of repitition
- Scrap heap magnet diagram
- Lesson outline lesson 3 eclipses and tides answer key
- Lesson 1: earth’s water
- Jesus turns water into wine lesson
- A long walk to water culminating project
- Air and water resources lesson 4
- Drinking fountain
- What is fwa in ship
- Water o water
- 5 divided by 1/4
- A paved blacktop parking lot was built
- Water to water heat exchanger
- Fresh water meets salt water
- Warm water rises in a lake. cold water descends.
- Clil water
- Importance of water
- Unit 11 water water everywhere
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Type of earthquake waves
- Surface weather analysis
- Constant pressure charts
- Bill nye surface tension