Ch 9 Sex Discrimination u Sex vs gender

Ch 9: Sex Discrimination u Sex vs. gender u Sex as ascribed status/master status u Women as a minority group u Sexism- an ideology based on the belief that one sex is superior to and should dominate the other sex u Universality of male dominance

Symbolic interactionism u Terms sex and gender u Socialization into sex roles u Process begins before birth u Subconscious socialization u Learned differences u Stereotypes become reality

Functionalism u Male dominance is universal u Social/biological conditionsstrength/size/warfare u Reproduction issues

Conflict theory u Power/privilege u Males= more power -> use institutions to keep power u Women under legal control of men u Feminists founded National Women’s Party in 1916 u Discrimination still exists today

Nature vs. nurture u Explanations of sex differences u Biological vs. learned behaviors u Twins studies u Vietnam veterans’ study

Discrimination of women u Everyday life u Devaluation of femininity u Conversation differences u Sex typing u Education u Past view u Education reserved for boys in many countries

u Sports programs u Classroom findings u Gender tracking u College experience u Mass media u Children’s books u Characters, illustrations, stories u Television u Children’s TV/cartoons

u Adult TV/prime time u Stereotypes reinforced on TV u Music u Songs/music videos u Video games u Characters/themes u Advertising u Exposure to 1, 600 ads each day

u Politics u Numbers/voting/power u Women socialized into dependency u Women underrepresented in business/law u Role of mother u Female president? u World of work u Labor force participation rate u Differs by state

u Gender gap in wages u College grad differences u Sex typing u Discrimination u The “mommy track” vs. the “fast track” u “Daddy track”? u Sexual harassment- using one’s position to make unwanted sexual demands u Verbal/physical

u Violence against women u Women victims/men victimizers u Female genital mutilation u Conflict view u Symbolic interactionist view u Equality between the sexes? u Neither men nor women forced into predetermined roles