Ch 7 Review Crisis Absolutism in Europe Absolutism
Ch. 7 Review Crisis & Absolutism in Europe
Absolutism • Political system where a ruler has total control • Like a dictatorship or absolute monarchy
Constitutionalism • Following a system of government via constitution
Contrasting Philosophers • Thomas Hobbes – Supported absolutism – Wrote Leviathan – Believed people were horrible before society was organized • John Locke – anti-absolutism – Believed people had natural rights • Life • Liberty • property – Wrote lots of things – Believed people lived in a state of equality, not war, before organized society
Divine Right of Kings • The belief that kings receive their power from God answer only to God • Introduced by James I of England
Louis XIV • Absolute king over France, but not local government & day-to-day activities • Wasted France’s money on his palace & fancy stuff • Left France with lots of debt & enemies
Peter the Great • Became czar of Russia in 1689 • Absolute monarchist with divine right • Built strong army & central government
Ivan the Terrible • • First Russian czar Expanded Russia Crushed the Boyars, or Russian nobility How was he “terrible? ” – Beat his DIL for dressing immodestly – Hit his son in the head with a staff & killed him – Violent outbursts (obviously)
Frederick the Great • Prussian leader • Built large army
Elizabeth Tudor • Repealed laws favoring Catholics; mostly Protestant • She was in control of the government & church • Tried to keep England out of war • Sir Francis Drake’s gf; let him plunder Spanish ships in Caribbean • Loved her people
Petition of Rights • English document that listed rights people have upon which the king cannot violate
English Bill of Rights • Government document listing certain civil rights • Based on 12 Tables from Rome • US based our Bill of Rights on this
30 Years War • Between Catholics & Protestants over religion
Glorious Revolution • When James II of England was replaced by his daughter & son in law, Mary and William of Orange
Restoration • When English, Scottish, and Irish monarchies were restored under the Stuart King Charles II
- Slides: 15