CH 7 Ancient Greece Lesson 3 World History

CH 7: Ancient Greece Lesson 3 World History Mr. Rich Miami Arts Charter

Sections: � Part 1: Persia’s Empire � Part 2: First Persian War � Part 3: Second Persian War

Section 1: Persia’s Empire � Building the Empire (540 BCE) � Cyrus the Great conquers Mesopotamia, Syria, Judah, and Anatolia � Royal Road links heart of empire � Persian Government � Divided into satrapies (provinces)

Section 1: Persia’s Empire � Zoroastrianism � Founded by Zoroaster in 600 BCE � Followers worship Ahura Mazda “Wise Lord” � Duality between “good” and “evil” � Question: � How did Persian Rulers unite their vast empire?

Section 2: First Persian War � War Begins (490 BCE) � Athenians support revolt in Anatolia � Revolt crushed by Darius � Darius sends fleet to attack Greece � Battle of Marathon � 10, 000 Athenian soldiers against 20, 000 Persian Soldiers � Athenians won’t attack Persians � Persians load cavalry onto ships to attack Athens � Athenian army then attacks and destroys Persian army � Greek victory

The Phalanx

Section 3: Second Persian War � War begins (480 BCE) � Xerxes (son of Darius) swears revenge � Persians send an army of 200, 000 soldiers � Greeks raise an army of 7, 000 to defend Athens � Battle � King of Thermopylae Leonidas of Sparta leads Greek army � Stalls the Persian army at a mountain pass � Battle lasts three days � Greeks betrayed by local who tells the Persians how to get around the mountains and attack the Greeks from behind

Section 3: Second Persian War � Athens attacked � Persian army marches to Athens � Themistocles ordered city abandoned � Takes fleet of ships to island of Salamis � Athens is burned by Persians � Battle of Salamis � Greeks lure Persian fleet to the island of Salamis � Persians move large fleet up a narrow straight � Smaller Greek fleet of triremes destroys Persian fleet � Xerxes flees back to Persia

Greek Triremes

Section 3: Second Persian War � Persian Defeat � Greek army fights remaining Persian army at Plataea (479 BCE) � Persians defeated - peace eventually declared in 449 BCE � Persia never fully recovers from war and begins a slow decline � Question: � After the losses in Greece, why did the Persians grow unhappy with their government?