Ch 6 Human Aggression Aggression intentional behavior aimed

Ch 6 Human Aggression

�Aggression: intentional behavior aimed at causing physical or psychological pain.

�Types of Aggression: � 1. Instrumental � 2. Reactive � 3. Relational � 4. Bullying

�Aggression: Nature vs. Nurture? What do you think?

Links to aggression: �Social Learning �Mass Media

Social Learning - Bandura �Modeling �Reinforcement �Three types of models: 1. Family members ▪ Permissive about aggression ▪ Physical discipline 2. Member’s of a sub culture (gang) 3. The media ▪ TV, Video games, books

TV Clip Activity

Effects of media violence: �Violent media is a contributor to aggressive behavior Observational learning Desensitization Storage of violent material Bobo-doll https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=zer. CK 0 l. Rj p 8

Aggression: �Risk factors: Individual attributes and developmental social and family experiences that are believed to increase the probability that an individual will engage in persistent aggressive behavior.

Types of risk factors: �Social �Familial

Social: �Poverty: Inadequate schools Inequities in resources Discrimination, racism, Unsafe living conditions Unemployment Neighborhood violence

�School Experiences: Early school failure is also linked to antisocial development and aggression reading achievement appears to play a prominent role in school failure and aggression

�Peer rejection: Peer-rejected children tend to be more aggressive, argumentative, inattentive, and disruptive than others, and generally have poorer social skills

Familial risk factors: �Parenting style: Authoritarian Passive Authoritative Neglecting

�Parental psychopathology �Lack of attachment

�Hostile Attribution Bias Individuals prone to violence are more likely to interpret ambiguous actions as hostile Begins during preschool years/related to early peer rejection Males more likely to experience Abuse/maltreatment

Aggression: it’s easy �Does not require higher order thinking abilities

Overt and covert actions of aggression: �Covert Passive aggressive behavior ▪ Literally aggressive in a passive way

Passive Aggressive �Never learned the healthy way of expressing anger �An avoidance pattern/kid behavior �Used to manipulate

How they hurt you: �Make you the bad guy �Push your buttons/shift blame �“couches” anger in jokes �Crazy making behavior Stay calm during an argument

�Overt forms of aggression: Direct confrontation Physical harm ▪ Decreases with age