Ch 4 Tissue The Living Fabric Items Students

Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric

Items Students Need To Look Up Prior To Class • Definition of Cells and Tissues • What the 4 types of human tissues are • Epithelial Tissues: general location, Cell Density, difference between apical and basal surface of cells, what avascular means, how often they do mitosis, how they are classified by number of layers and cell shape • Basic Functions of Simple Epithelial Tissues: Simple Squamous, Simple Cuboidal, Simple Columnar, and Psuedostratified Ciliated Columnar • Basic Functions of Stratified Epithelium– keratinized and non-keratinized, and transitional epithelium

I. Introduction * A. Cells = * B. Tissues =

*C. Four primary types: § § D. Stained Tissues for Microscopy • Fixed • Cut • Stained

II. Epithelial Tissues *A. General Locations § Boundaries: § Glands B. Characteristics *1. Cell Density § Matrix *2. Cell Polarity: § Apical surface § Basal surface Apical Surfaces 3. Basal Lamina & Basement membrane: 4. Connective Tissue Below Basal Surface Lab Clue: no spaces between cells. .

B. Characteristics … *5. Avascular *6. Mitosis *C. Classification of Epithelium 1. Layers § Simple: § Stratified: 2. Shape of Cells § Squamous § Cuboidal § Columnar § Stratified cell shape of top layer Figure 3. 17 a

Classification of Epithelia … Simple or Stratified?

D. SPECIFIC TYPES 1. Simple Squamous Epithelia – - Locations *- Alveoli of Lungs Functions SPECIAL TYPES 3. 18 a Endothelium – inner covering of heart, lymph, and blood. Figure vessels Mesothelium – epithelium of serous membranes

Simple Squamous Epithelium in the Kidney Glomeruli of Kidneys

2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelia - Locations Kidney Tubules- no microvilli *- Functions - Special Structures - microvilli Central nucleus Microvilli

Sweat Gland– made of cuboid /columnar epithelia

3. Simple Columnar Epithelia – - Locations: - *Functions: - Special Structures - Goblet cells, Microvilli, and Cilia Microvilli

Simple Columnar in Small Intestine Lining (showing Microvilli & Goblet Cell) Microvilli Goblet Cell w/ mucus

4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia – - Locations - Structure *- Functions - Special Structures: cilia & goblet cells

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar inside trachea Cilia Goblet Cells

5. Stratified Squamous Epithelia - Types: keratinized and non-keratinized - Location *- Function - Basal Cells - Top cells Non-keratinized (Non-keratinized)

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

6. Transitional Epithelia - Structure - Cell Shape - Locations *- Functions

7. Stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelia § RARE §Stratified cuboidal §Stratified columnar

E. Glandular Epithelium: gland = 1. Major Type of Gland § Endocrine gland § Exocrine gland

E. Glandular Epithelium … 2. Exocrine Gland Classification: # cells a) Number of Cells § Unicellular § Goblet Cells & Mucus Cells § Multicellular Goblet Cell Multicellular Gland

E. Glandular Epithelium … b) Multicellular by complexity § Simple § Compound: c) Complexity of Secretory Portion d) Classification by what is secreted: § Mucous § Sweat, § Oil § Salivary glands

e) Modes of Secretion § Merocrine § Mechanism: § Types/Locations § Apocrine § Mechanism § Types/Locations § Holocrine § Mechanism: § Types/Locations

END

Review Question 4. Epithelium tissue with multiple layers of flat cells are known as _____________. If the cells attached to the basal membrane are cuboidal but the cells on the apical surface are flat, the tissue is called _____________.

Review Questions 5 a. List 2 functions of simple squamous epithelium. 5 b. List 1 function of stratified squamous epithelium.

Review Questions 1 a. What are the 6 major functions of epithelial tissues? Do all epithelial tissues carry out all of these functions? 1 b. What type of ET is shown here?

Review Question 2. Fully describe the gland below: endocrine or exocrine? Simple or compound? Merocrine or Holocrine?

F. Embryonic Origin of Tissues § Ectoderm § Mesoderm § Endoderm