Ch 4 The Rise of Sumerian CityStates Neolithic

4. 3 Food Shortages in the Hills Problem: Couldn’t produce enough food in the

4. 4 Uncontrolled Water Supply in the River Valley Problem: Uncontrolled water supply on

4. 5 Difficulties in Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System Problem: The irrigation

4. 6 Attacks by Neighboring Communities Problem: Cities fought over the right to use

• What were the major problems faced by the Mesopotamians? Ø Food shortage

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Ch. 4 “The Rise of Sumerian City-States Neolithic Farming Villages Sumerian City-States

CH. 4 The Rise of Sumerian City. States

4. 3 Food Shortages in the Hills Problem: Couldn’t produce enough food in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. Solution: People moved out of the foothills and onto the plains, near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

4. 4 Uncontrolled Water Supply in the River Valley Problem: Uncontrolled water supply on the plains Solution: Sumerians created irrigation systems with levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs

4. 5 Difficulties in Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System Problem: The irrigation system had to be maintained. Solution: People were forced to work together. As they worked together, they formed larger communities.

4. 6 Attacks by Neighboring Communities Problem: Cities fought over the right to use water. Solution: Sumerians built walls and moats around their cities.

• What were the major problems faced by the Mesopotamians? Ø Food shortage Ø Uncontrolled water supply Ø Maintaining irrigation system Ø Defense • What were the solutions the Mesopotamians devised in response to their problems? Ø Food shortage Move to river plains Ø Uncontrolled water supply Irrigation system Ø Maintaining irrigation system Work together Ø Defense Walled cities • What were the long-term effects of these solutions? Ø City-states