CH 4 SECTION 1 Absolutism in Spain France

CH. 4 SECTION 1 Absolutism in Spain, France, and England

Charles I Grandson to Ferdinand Isabella became king of Spain in 1516 He also became heir to the Hapsburg Empire in 1519 when he other grandfather died The Hapsburg Empire included the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands As a ruler, he took the name Charles V

Two empires Caused constant warfare He was a devout Catholic, and fought to suppress Protestantism in German states He finally allowed them to choose their own religions

Other wars Battles with the Ottomans including the Battle of Mohacs, surrounding of Austria, and naval battles in the Mediterranean The Hapsburg empire was too difficult so Charles V abdicated the thrown He entered a monastery in 1556 He gave Hapsburg to his brother Ferdinand He gave Spain to his son Philip

Ferdinand Phillip

Phillip II He ruled for 42 years Expanded Spanish influence Strengthened the Catholic Church Made his power absolute He devoted himself to government work He was simple, isolated, and didn’t participate in activities

Phillip II Phillip used marriage to build alliances He married Maria-Portugal Mary Tudor-England Elizabeth Valois-France Anna-Austria He reigned as an absolute monarch with his authority to rule coming from God

More wars Battle of Lepanto 1571 -Spain defeated the Ottomans Battle against rebels in the Netherlands (part of his empire) who resisted Phillip crushing their Protestant faith Savage fighting raged for decades and in 1581 they got their independence from Spain This area became known as Dutch Netherlands

The Armada sails against England Queen Elizabeth I of England was an enemy of Phillip because of her faith She encouraged Francis Drake to loot Spanish cities She made this pirate a knight Phillip organized a huge armada to invade England 1588 -130 ships, 20, 000 men, and 2400 pieces of artillery

Queen Elizabeth speech http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Nhw. Mos. ZC L 7 c

Armada

Armada cont. The Armada was defeated due to England’s lighter and faster ships This battle marked the decline of Spanish power They suffered from economic problems Neglecting farming and commerce They had expelled Muslims and Jews from Spain. What problem would this cause?

Spain’s Golden Age 1550 -1650 was known as the Golden Century for Spain They had brilliant art and literature El Greco famous painter of religious pictures