CH 4 Civil Liberties Civil Liberties Restraints on

CH 4 Civil Liberties

Civil Liberties Restraints on government action Bill of Rights was intended to be followed by? After 14 th amendment- If it ain’t broke…

Freedom of Religion Establishment Clause Free Exercise Clause Lemon Test (Lemon v Kurtzman 1971) School Vouchers School Prayer (Engel v Vitale 1962) Moment of Silence Religious Displays Intelligent Design Tax-Exempt Status

Freedom of Expression As long as it does not incite criminal behavior Prior restraint- a priori Court very critical Symbolic Speech Tinker v Des Moines 1969 Flag Burning Cross Burning

Other Forms Commercial Speech Advertising Piracy- Property Rights Clear and Present Danger 1919, draft SCOTUS Imminent Lawless Action Obscenity Protection from minors, the mail, etc. 4 –step process (pg 123)

Unprotected Speech Libel Slander Student Activity Fees Protected and non Protected Classes race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, creed, age, marital status, handicap, veteran, etc.

Freedom of the Press Actual malice Known falsity or reckless disregard for the truth Burden of proof More with celebrities or individual? Gag orders Ongoing investigations

Privacy and Civil Liberties No explicit mention in the Constitution The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people” (9 th) Right to Die, DNR, Living Will, etc. Writ of Habeas Corpus Arraignment Miranda Rule Exclusionary Rule Evidence obtained illegally

Death Penalty Ex post facto – up to state legislatures Cruel and unusual punishment Methods, facts of the case,