Ch 32 The Nixon Years Sct 1 Nixon

Ch. 32: The Nixon Years

Sct. 1: Nixon and the Cold War

American foreign policy redefined • Prior to Nixon’s presidency, most leaders divided the world into __________, _________countries and __________, __________ ones • Nixon and chief national natl. security adviser, Henry __________ changed the approach – used the idea of _____________ (real politics) • approach that put aside Cold War differences and focused on increasing America’s ______ with the world • believed there was no worldwide united communist movement – all _____________ nations operated independently of one another

Nixon and China • Nixon sought right away to recognize China – America had never before recognized the communist People’s __________ of _______ as an actual nation and was not in UN – Nixon’s past was as hard “Cold-Warrior” so people found it hard to imagine he could recognize communist nation • Working with PRC could help the U. S. both ______________ and possibly force N. Vietnam to settle on peace faster

• In April 1971, during ping-pong tournament between Americans and Chinese, Kissinger worked out issues with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai – call _______________and opened up friendship opportunity – Nixon announced official visit in 2/1972 • Nixon toured Great Wall and other historic sites – sat down with Chinese leaders to open diplomatic relations between U. S. and China • following year, _____________ companies began to ______ with China

Détente with the Soviet Union • May 1972, Nixon and Soviet leader Brezhnev met reached agreements in following areas: – reduce pollution, joint U. S. -Soviet space mission – *Strategic ______________ Treaty (SALT I) • froze the use of the ICBMs and placed limits on antiballistic missiles • *did not end the Arms ______ but was giant step toward goal • SALT I signaled a period of __________ – easing of tensions in Cold War and closer to the conflict’s end – The war hawks and anti-communist leaders were out of power

The Space Resumes • In 1958 the U. S. launched its own first satellite, but the Soviets sent the first man, Yuri _______ into space in 1961. • In 1969 the U. S. was the first nation to put a man on the moon. -Neil ____________, Buzz _______, and Michael Collins were part of Apollo 11 mission -landed on the moon on July 20, 1969 • For remainder of Cold War, both the Soviets and U. S. explored the use of satellites for military purposes

Section 2: Nixon and Watergate

Nixon’s domestic policies • Nixon’s policies called for a “_______________” – revenue sharing with the states to fund social programs • promote and support Middle America – factory workers, middle class families, “Silent _________________” – ____ “big government” • _____________ Protection Agency (EPA), OSHA, and DEA all created under Nixon • Medicare and public housing also grew under Nixon

Stagflation • As a result of Vietnam and the federal budget deficit, __________ occurred • meanwhile, rising foreign competition caused many to lose their jobs in the steel and _____ industries • economists called combo of recession and inflation, _____________ • Stagflation also caused by ___________ (Arab countries tat sell oil to other nations) – embargo caused oil prices to rise 400% • Nixon placed 90 -day freeze on all wages and prices in 1971, but ______ control did not help economy

Nixon runs for reelection • In preparation for the upcoming election, Nixon hoped to make _____________ Party force in the South • stance on Civil Rights was mixed – Philadelphia Plan required labor unions to submit goals for hiring minorities • Committee for ____________ of the _____________(CREEP) created to handle all fundraising efforts for Nixon’s campaign

Election of 1972 • Republican: ______________ • Democrat: George S. ____________ (antiwar Senator from South Dakota *Nixon wins in _________ of 520 electoral votes to 17 for Mc. Govern

Watergate • In June of _____, a break in took place at the Democratic Party’s HQ inside the Watergate hotel in D. C. – over time, connection between burglars and _______________ started to become clearer – Watergate scandal became national news • Called the ___________, burglars were members of _______ instructed to spy on the Democratic campaign • _______ denied any wrongdoing

Watergate goes public • Bob __________ and Carl __________, two Washington Post reporters were first to expose secrecy behind Watergate – informant led them to discover connection between CREEP and ______________ – VP ___________________ resigned • Nov. 1973, Nixon: “I am not a _________” – public opinion turned against Nixon – Nixon also refused to hand over tapes from Oval Office that could reveal his guilt in Watergate • situation created showdown between three ______________

United States v. _______ (1974) • Nixon claimed ____________________ when he refused to turn over the tapes – president has the right to keep certain information confidential • after a year of deliberating, Supreme Court ruled that tapes did _____ fall under executive privilege and ordered Nixon to turn them over • case is example of ________ and _________ at work

Nixon Resigns • After listening to tapes, investigators found parts of them were missing – Nixon had ___________ parts of tapes – tapes still provided enough evidence of Nixon’s involvement in Watergate and cover-up – Nixon charged with __________ of justice, misuse of power by House who voted for ______________ • Nixon decided to resign on 8/8/74 – asked the American people to allow a process of healing to begin in America – Pres. Nixon was first and only POTUS to resign

Watergate’s effects • ______-_________ Amendment procedures used when Nixon nominated Gerald Ford to be VP after Agnew’s resignation • public confidence in the _____________ and government took a huge hit – people distrusted the govt. even more than before • strength of checks and balances shown • no one man, not even the president is above the system of ______ in America • _______ became president (first man to serve who was never elected by the people)