Ch 3 http en wikipedia orgwikiCarboncycle Carbon pools

Ch. 3 탄소 순환 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Carbon_cycle

Carbon pools in the major reservoirs on earth. [2] Carbon pools in the major reservoirs on earth. [2] Pool Quantity (gigatons) Atmosphere 720 Oceans (total) 38, 400 Total inorganic 37, 400 Total organic 1, 000 Surface layer 670 Deep layer 36, 730 Lithosphere Sedimentary carbonates > 60, 000 Kerogens 15, 000 Terrestrial biosphere (total) 2, 000 Living biomass 600 - 1, 000 Dead biomass 1, 200 Aquatic biosphere 1 -2 Fossil fuels (total) 4, 130 Coal 3, 510 Oil 230 Gas 140 Other (peat) 250

�Residence 1975) time of CO 2 (Garrels et al. , Biosphere 11 yrs Atmosphere 4 yrs Hydrosphere 385 yrs Earth’s crust 342 myrs http: //jennifermarohasy. com//wpcontent/uploads/2009/09/Carbon-dioxideresidence-time. jpg

�Decomposition of OM Agents Physical (wave, wind, etc. ) Chemical (UV, photo-, p. H, oxid. , hydrolysis…) Biochemical (bacteria, fungi, … etc. ) Destruction: proportional to the resistance of various biochemical compounds Proteins amino acids NH 3+CO 2+H 2 O Carbohydrates sugar CO 2+H 2 O lipids, lignins: phenols? more resistant (fungi can degrade it)

Environmental factors inhibiting decomposition Lack or presence of O 2 (aerobic vs. anaerobic) Toxic metabolites (H 2 S, phenol, humic substance) Adverse physical conditions (T, P) Lack of nutrient Sunlight

Lipids Biopolymers Degradation Complete degradation Carbon Cycle Geomonomers Insolubilization Condensation Polymerization Geopolymers Fulvic/humic acid Humin Kerogen Coal Petroleum Gas

Extract w/ organic solvent CHCl 3 soluble aromatic fatty aliphatic etc. 0. 1 N HCl Humic acids Maltene Nonhydrocarbons resins Lipids insoluble Humic/fulvic acids Kerogen n. C 5 ppt: Asphaltene hydrocarbons Sediment insoluble Bitumen Extract w/ base 0. 1 N Na. OH Humin insoluble Fulvic acids

http: //dirtmd. com/standard-humic-acid-testing-protocols-a-review/

http: //karnet. up. wroc. pl/~weber/ekstrak 2. htm

http: //www. intechopen. com/books/soil-processes-and-current-trends-in -quality-assessment/effect-of-crop-rotation-and-nitrogen-fertilizationon-the-quality-and-quantity-of-soil-organic-matte