Ch 27 Punctuation Other Marks of Punctuation See

Ch. 27 Punctuation Other Marks of Punctuation

See what you remember… • The first Alaskans most likely traveled to North America from Asia around twenty thousand years ago they may have been following caribou herds. • The new republic at once began increasing production and distribution of goods futhermore, it also appealed to other nations for financial assistance.

Semicolons • KEY CONCEPT: Use a semicolon between independent clauses that are closely related in thought and are NOT joined by a coordinating conjunction. • New candidates will run for president in 2016; all of them are currently in the news.

Semicolons • KEY CONCEPT: Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression. • Some people believe that summer cannot come soon enough; however, they fail to realize that the Winter Olympics are very exciting.

Commonly used…(p. 851) Conjunctive Adverbs Transitional Expressions • • • • Accordingly Besides Consequently Furthermore However Otherwise Nevertheless Therefore As a result For example For instance In fact On the contrary That is

Semicolons • KEY CONCEPT: Semicolons are used before a coordinating conjunction when the independent clauses contain commas. • Also, when the items in a series contain commas. • My favorite events are figure skating, downhill skiing, luge, and bobsled; but, I don’t care to watch cross-country skiing or speed skating.

Colons: to “note what follows” • Before a list of items, especially after expressions like as follows, the following ▫ My Christmas list includes the following: Beats, Justin Bieber tickets, and a puppy. • Do not use a colon before a list that serves as an object of a preposition or complement ▫ The concert included performances by *NSYNC, the Backstreet Boys, and Britney Spears.

Colons: to “note what follows” • Before a long, formal statement or quotation • Between independent clauses when the second clause explains or restates the idea of the first ▫ Those running shoes are the best kind: purple and will last 500 miles. They are

Colons: Conventional situations • Between the hour and the minute in time ▫ 9: 30 a. m. 12: 00 noon 8: 00 p. m. • Between Biblical chapters and verses ▫ John 3: 16 Proverbs 3: 3 • Between titles and subtitles ▫ Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus ▫ CSI: Crime Scene Investigation • After the salutation of a business letter ▫ To Whom It May Concern:

Practice • Page 852– Exercise 1 (odds only) • Page 854 – Exercise 2 (odds only) • Page 855 – Review A (All of them…) ▫ You will turn this in after a brief reflection!

Semicolons and Colons Practice • On a sheet of paper to be turned in… • Page 855 – Review A ▫ Semicolons and colons review ▫ Just write the word before the punctuation • After checking your answers, self-assess your ability to properly place semicolons and colons in sentences. ▫ Also– what questions do you have? ?

Italics vs. Quotation Marks ITALICS (underlining) • • • Books Plays Long Poems Periodicals Works of Art Films Radio/TV Series Long Musical Works Video & Computer Games Comic Strips QUOTATION MARKS • Titles/Subtitles of short stories • Short poems • Essays • Articles • Parts of songs • Episode titles (TV/Radio) • Chapters/parts of books

In addition… ITALICS (underlining) QUOTATION MARKS • • • Trains – Orient Express Ships - Titanic Aircraft – Air Force One Spacecraft – Challenger Words, letters, symbols referred to as such • Foreign words not translated to English Slang words Invented words Technical terms Dictionary definitions Any expressions unusual to English • Direct quotations

Direct Quotations • Use “…” to enclose EXACT words from a speaker or text • Generally begins with a CAPITAL letter ▫ Unless writing only PART of the quoted sentence �The speaker stated that the corpse was “a vile thing. ” ▫ Unless a quoted sentence is interrupted, the 2 nd part is lowercase �“Please read through chapter 13, ” explained Mrs. Krabill, “and we will have a discussion tomorrow. ” • Set off from rest of sentence with a comma, question mark, or exclamation. NOT A PERIOD!

Direct Quotations • Other punctuation rules for direct quotes ▫ Commas and periods are placed INSIDE closing quotes ▫ Semicolons and colons are placed OUTSIDE closing quotes ▫ Question marks and exclamation points are dependent on if they are part of the quote or not �My mom asked me, “Are you getting up today? ” �Did MLK, Jr. , say, “I have a dream”?

Direct Quotations • Dialogue: direct quotes between two or more people = change paragraphs for each new speaker • When direct quote is more than one paragraph, use a quote at the beginning of each AND at the end of the whole thing. ▫ Examples – pg. 862 • Use single quotes for a quote in a quote ▫ The teacher said, “Please tell me what Victor meant when he said, ‘I felt the bitterness of disappointment’. ”

Practice! • Page 858, Exercise 3 (odds only) • Page 864, Exercise 4 (odds only) ▫ You will have to add more punctuation than just quotation marks in this part!

Hyphens • To divide a word at the end of a line ▫ Do NOT divide a one-syllable word ▫ Divide a word only between syllables �Some-times ▫ Divide an already hyphenated word at the hyphen �Self-defense ▫ Do NOT divide words so that only 1 letter stands alone

Hyphens: Compound Words • Twenty-one to ninety-nine • Two-thirds majority (when used as modifier) • Prefixes and suffixes ▫ All-around president-elect Ex-boyfriend ▫ gluten-free non-smoking ▫ Great-grandmother mid-life pro-life • Compound adjective preceding the noun ▫ A well-rehearsed musical

Dashes • Gives a sharp separation within a sentence ▫ More definitive than commas or parentheses • To indicate an abrupt break in thought ▫ The party—I’m sorry I didn’t tell you earlier—was moved to next week. • To mean namely, that is, or in other words to introduce an explanation ▫ The weather has been unseasonable warm—in the mid-seventies—all October.

(Parentheses) • To enclose informative or explanatory material of MINOR IMPORTANCE ▫ Sentence that falls within another sentence �Does not begin with a capital letter �Should not end with a period, but may have a question mark or exclamation point �Paris, France (see the map on page 8) is lovely this time of year. ▫ Sentence that stands by itself �Should begin with a capital; end with proper punctuation �Mrs. Krabill would like to go to Paris. (Should we tell Mr. Krabill? )

(Parentheses) • Also used to enclose dates of people’s births and deaths ▫ Abraham Lincoln (1809 -1865) was a key figure during the Civil War.

[Brackets] … Not just for : ] • Used to enclose an explanation within quoted material • Similar to single quotes = quote in a quote • Brackets are parentheticals within quotes or parentheticals • Mostly in informational texts!

Practice! • Page 876 – Exercise 8 – #1 -10 • Page 880 – Exercise 9 - #1 -5