Ch 25 Sec 1 A WesternDominated World What

Ch. 25, Sec. 1: A Western-Dominated World

What do we mean that the western world was dominating ……. . when the Americas were not fully developed nations yet?

What do we mean that the western world was in control? • Remember when the Roman Empire split? • The Western world, also known as the West, contrasts Europe with the cultures of Asia and Africa. • The dominant European nations (west) vs. the strange, foreign barbarians (east). W E

A Western-Dominated World This is the area called “the West”. What continent does this land encompass?

Today the term “West” does NOT imply geographic location (as most of Europe lies in the Eastern Hemisphere). THE WEST!!!!

Topic: Ch. 25, Sec. 1 – A Western-Dominated World Cues: Summary: Notes: Date: 1 -30 -12

IMPERIALISM The domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. Political = who is in charge? Economic = who makes the money? Culture = what do they believe in?

Topic: Ch. 25, Sec. 1 – A Western-Dominated World Cues: Date: 1 -30 -12 Notes: The New Imperialism & Its Causes * What is imperialism? Summary: * the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country.

Imperialism is NOT a new concept! • Imperialism & Empires: have existed since BCE. In Greek & Roman times; with Mongols, China, Russia, etc. • By 18 th & 19 th century, many European empires were global. • Spain and Portugal had ruling-empires in South & Central America from 16 th to early 19 th century. • Great Britain (the union of England, Wales, Scotland, & Ireland) had the world’s largest empire!

“The sun never sets on the British empire”. Britain ruled over one-fourth of the world’s land a third of its population!!!

Imperialism changed over time • Before 19 th century, imperialism in Africa and Asia had been coastal in nature. (Ex: France takes over a city on the shoreline of Africa and uses it as a trading post. ) • Trading posts: refueling/repair stations – had exclusive trading privileges. • Imperialism then trended toward direct conquest and formal empire. Entire continents now came under European influence. (Ex: France wants more than just one city in Africa!!!) • “New Imperialism”: encouraged by their new $$ and military strength (Industrial Rev. ), Europeans began to aggressively expand to other lands. (Ex: France sees Africa as a place to take oil, wood, diamonds, etc. and a place to sell French products that Africa doesn’t have already!)

Topic: Ch. 25, Sec. 1 – A Western-Dominated World Cues: Date: 1 -30 -12 Notes: The New Imperialism & Its Causes * What is imperialism? * the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country. • 4 Main Causes of Imperialism 1. Economic ($) 2. Political & Military 3. Humanitarian (concern for other humans) 4. Social Darwinism Summary:

Causes of Imperialism: • Economic: - Industrial Revolution created a need for RAW MATERIALS (things you use to make other things – “wood”, “metal”) that could be found overseas. - Sold finished goods (“furniture”, “jewelry”) to new territories and colonies.

Causes of Imperialism: • Political/Military - Need for refueling bases for navy. - Nationalism: prestige (PRIDE) for a country that conquered new territory.

Causes of Imperialism: • Humanitarianism - Give aid to less technologically advanced countries. - Spread Christianity and Western (European) morals (beliefs). - Dr. David Livingston: Livingston involved with humanitarian and religious work in south and central Africa.

Causes of Imperialism: • Social Darwinism - Western (European) belief that whites were superior because nature (science) made them more ‘fit’. Charles Darwin’s ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest. - It caused racist patronizing that preached that the “superior” Westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to “uncivilized” peoples in other parts of the world. Ex: “The White Man’s Burden” poem by Rudyard Kipling.

European Migration • Between 1815 and 1932 more than 60 million people left Europe (soldiers, merchants, missionaries, explorers, etc. ) • Migrants went primarily to European inhabited areas: North and South America, Australia, New Zealand, and Siberia. • Most people were poor from rural areas, though seldom from the poorest classes (due to oppressive land policies).

Topic: Ch. 25, Sec. 1 – A Western-Dominated World Cues: Date: 1 -30 -12 Notes: The New Imperialism & Its Causes • 4 Main Causes of Imperialism 1. Economic ($) 2. Political & Military 3. Humanitarian (concern for other humans) 4. Social Darwinism * Was Western Imperialism successful? Yes – nonwestern nations were not strong enough to resist. Yes – Europeans had more powerful armies/navies, medicines, Maxim gun, etc NOT ENTIRELY – Some Africans & Asians resisted

SUCCESS of Western Imperialism 1. Weaknesses of Non-Western States • Civilizations in the East were falling apart • Weak government and armies • Less advanced technology 2. Western Advantages • Strong economies • Strong government • Powerful armies and navies • Superior technology • Better medicine

FAILURE of Western Imperialism 1. Resistance • Africans & Asians resisted western expansion into their lands. • Western-educated Africans and Asians organized movements to EXPEL the imperialists from their land. 2. Criticism at Home • In the West, antiimperialists argued it was immoral! • “How can we push for democracy at home yet impose undemocratic rule on other people? ”

Topic: Ch. 25, Sec. 1 – A Western-Dominated World Cues: Date: 1 -30 -12 Notes: Forms of Imperial Rule • What were the different ways you could 1. Colonies rule another nation? 2. Protectorates 3. Spheres of Influence

Forms of Imperial Rule • Colonies: Territory settled and ruled by people from another land. 1. Direct rule – send your officials & soldiers to run the colony 2. Indirect rule – use local rulers to run the colony but they report back to the imperialist nation. • Protectorate: Local rulers were left in place BUT were expected to follow the advice of European advisers. • Spheres of Influence: An area in which outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Topic: Ch. 25, Sec. 1 – A Western-Dominated World Cues: Date: 1 -30 -12 Notes: Forms of Imperial Rule • What were the different ways you could 1. Colonies rule another nation? 2. Protectorates 3. Spheres of Influence Summary: What was the main idea of “A Western-Dominated World”? Raise your hand; let’s share our 2 -3 sentence summaries of what you read in this section of chapter 25!