Ch 15 Sec 3 Kingdoms of the Middle

Ch 15, Sec 3: Kingdoms of the Middle Ages

Alfred the Great • King of England in the late A. D. 800 s • United small groups of Anglo-Saxons to fight Viking invaders • New kingdom was named “Angleland”=England • Strong leader for 30 years

William the Conqueror • Ruler of Normandy (France) • Cousin to King Edward of England who died • Wanted to take Edward’s throne

Battle of Hastings • 1066 A. D. • William the Conqueror landed in England with knights • William won/became King of England

William as King of England • Anglo-Saxons (English people) hated him/revolted often • Gave land to Norman (French) knights to control the Anglo-Saxons • Cultures merged – Ideas on how to run the gov’t – Learned new languages – Sheriffs kept order – Wedding ceremonies blended

Henry II • • English king 1154 -1189 Set up a court system Set up a common law for everybody Used juries for the first time – Grand jury-decided if people should be accused of a crime – Trial jury-decided if people were guilty or innocent

King John (Henry’s son) • • Became England’s king in 1199 Raised taxes Punished people without a trial Forced to sign the Magna Carta – Means “Great Charter”

Magna Carta • Took away some of the king’s power • King could not collect taxes without permission • Freemen had the right to a fair trial by a jury • Established the idea that people have rights • Limited the power of the government

King Edward I of England • 1200 A. D. • Gathered people together to create a Parliament – Made decisions together on important issues – “representative government”

Parliament • Original Plan: – 2 knights – 2 people from every town – All high-ranking nobles/church officials • Second Plan: – Two houses • House of Lords-high ranking nobles/church officials • House of Commons-Knights/townspeople

Philip II of France • King from 1180 -1223 • Went to war with England to get French lands from English control • Gained power/control for France in Europe

Philip IV of France • King from 1284 -1314 • Wanted a representative government • Met with the Estates-General – 3 groups of people: • First Estate-priests • Second Estate-Nobles • Third Estate-townspeople/peasants

Eastern Europe • Divided in three groups – 1. Southern Slavs-Croats, Serbs, and Bulgarians – 2. Western Slavs-Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks – 3. Eastern Slavs-Eukrainians, Belorussians, and Russians

Slavs • Farmers • Chopped down forests and burned the trees to fertilize the land • Planted barley, rye, and flax • Were invaded by Vikings (called the Rus) in the 700 s AD

Oleg • • Viking leader in 900 A. D. Led from the city of Kiev Took control of all 3 groups of Slavs United the groups into what is today Russia

Mongols • • Attacked Kiev/Russia All major cities were destroyed Killed many people Forced Russian rulers to pay tribute

Rise of Moscow • Grand Dukes of Moscow: – Married the daughters of rulers from other lands – Fought wars to get more territory – Collected taxes for Mongols=more power

Ivan IV • Grand duke in 1462 • Built big palaces/churches in Moscow • Started calling himself Czar Ivan IV • Defeated the Mongols/kicked them out of Russia • Started expanding his empire north and west