Ch 14 World War II 1930 1945 Sec

Ch. 14: World War II, 1930 -1945 Sec. 1: Axis Aggression

Timeline of Events Leading to WWII � 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany � 1933 -39: begins rearmament & military build-up in Germany � 1936: Reoccupies the Rhineland � Spring, 1938: Annexes Austria (Anschluss) � Sept. 1938: Munich Conference (gets Sudetenland); Takes all of Czechoslovakia � 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact � Sept. 1, 1939: German invasion of Poland

Germany Expands, 1933 -1939 Hitler came to power in 1933 Attacked Treaty of Versailles Lebensraum = living space Begins rebuilding military (pretextresist spread of communism)

German Aggression, 1933 -36 GERMANY REARMS 1933 -1939 GERMAN REOCCUPATION OF THE RHINELAND, 1936

The Spanish Civil War, 1936 �Germany, Japan, and Italy join alliance known as the Axis Powers �The Spanish Civil War, 1936 Spanish nationalists (fascists) under Gen. Francisco Franco tries to overthrow the existing Republican govt. in Spain Hitler & Mussolini supported Franco while the Republicans backed by USSR & U. S. independents Franco’s Nationalists win, adding another fascist govt. to Europe

Picasso’s Guernica

Annexation of Austria, 1938 GERMANY ANNEXES AUSTRIA ANSCHLUSS, 1938 � Hitler claims that Austrian government is “mistreating” German residents. � He is simply enforcing their protection from discrimination � Forces Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg to turn over govt.

The Czechoslovakian Crisis, 1938 The Sudetenland

The Munich Conference, Sept. 1938 Hitler and Mussolini invite reps from Britain (N. Chamberlain) & France (E. Daladier) to discuss Germany’s situation in Sudetenland � Chamberlain follows policy of appeasement (gives in to Hitler in exchange for promise of no more land grabs); “Peace in Our Time” � Hitler moved into remainder of Czechoslovakia by end of 1938 � Hitler and Chamberlain shaking hands at Munich Conference, 1938

Cartoonists’ Views on Appeasement

War Begins in 1939 � Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Hitler signs agreement with Stalin (USSR): states that neither would attack each other and they would split Poland � Invasion of Poland- September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland -Sept. , 1939; Stalin attacks from East Sept. 3 – Britain & France declare war � Blitzkrieg warfare Speed and close air-to land coordination By mid-June 1940, Hitler in control of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France!

Battle of Britain, Summer 1940 �Britain stood alone against Nazi onslaught Germans try to bomb England into submission British helped by dev. of radar German Luftwaffe killed thousands in London Blitz, but British refuse to surrender RAF victories and stubborn leader, Winston Churchill who vows never to surrender, convinces Hitler not to invade Britain

Never have so many owed so much to so few… Sir Winston Churchill

Invasion of Soviet Union, 1941 �June, 1941: Hitler breaks his pact with Stalin and invades USSR (Operation Barbarossa) German blitzkrieg once again effective as German units race across Soviet Union �Winter to the rescue Harsh winter sat in and slowed German advance The Red Army of USSR did not collapse and began to turn the tide