Ch 13 Urban Patterns Key Issue 1 Urbanization

Ch. 13: Urban Patterns Key Issue 1

Urbanization • Urbanization-the process by which the population of cities grows. • Increasing percentage of people in cites • • • 1800 = 3% 1850 = 6% 1900 = 14% 1950 = 30% 2000 = 47% 2008 = 51% Urbanization is: The number of ppl in cities The percentage of ppl in cities The land area occupied by cities • ¾ of MDCs, 2/5 of LDCs-- why? • MDCs are now “fully urbanized” • Percentage living in cities has greatly increased in LDCs

Urbanization • Increasing number of people in cities • MDCs have a higher percent of urban residents, but LDCs have more of the very large urban settlements (8 out of 10) • Growth of cities used to be tied to Industrialization • In LDCs, big cities are not connected to an increased in development Urbanized Area: city levels plus continuous suburbs The Industrial Revolution promoted urbanization in MDCs

2015 World’s Largest Cities

Urban Settlements are difficult to define… • Social differences: • Louis Wirth: • Large size • Different social relationships • High population density • Specialization and competition • Socially heterogeneous people • Diversity and loneliness • Physical differences: • Legal boundary • Self governing, taxes • Continuously built up • >1000 people/mile • Functional area • Area of influence • May be beyond legal boundaries • TV stations, newspapers, sports teams

Overlapping Metropolitan Areas • Megalopolis—adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas • Boswash • Great Lakes area • Southern California • German Ruhr • Japan Tokaido

Urban Models • 3 models explaining where people settle in cities • Based on Chicago—prairie city

Concentric Zone Model • E. W. Burgess 1923 • Cities grow outward from a central area in a series of rings • Size and width of rings may vary from city to city but order stays the same. • CBD Zone in Transition working class homes middle class homes commuter zone

Concentric Zone Model Fig. 13 -5: In the concentric zone model, a city grows in a series of rings surrounding the CBD.

Sector Model • Homer Hoyt 1939 • City develops in sectors, not rings • Certain areas of the city are more attractive for different activities, as a city grows these expand in a wedge

Sector Model Fig. 13 -6: In the sector model, a city grows in a series of wedges or corridors extending out from the CBD.

Multiple Nuclei Model • Harris and Ullman 1945 • City is a complex structure that includes more than one center for activities to revolve around. • i. e. a port, neighborhood business center, university, airport, parks • Different nodes attract and repel

Multiple Nuclei Model Fig. 13 -7: The multiple nuclei model views a city as a collection of individual centers, around which different people and activities cluster.