CH 13 RENAISSANCE REFORMATION 1300 1650 The Renaissance

CH 13 RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION 1300 -1650

The Renaissance Bell Ringer 11/30 The Renaissance began in Western Europe around the 1300 s & peaked around 1500. What was it? Answer in 3 full sentences. If you have no idea (don’t worry, we’re about to cover it), it came at the end of the middle ages and the word renaissance itself is French for “Rebirth”.

What was the Ren aiss a Renaissance? Reb nce = irth Time of creativity & great change Agricultural Urban society Revived interest in the classical Rom Greec learning e e Medieval Scholars focused on religion Scholars explored Renaissance richness of human experience, The here & now

The revival of trade in Europe helped bring an end to the Middle Ages & gave rise to the Renaissance The rise of cities brought artists together which led to new techniques & styles of art Increased trade gave rise Wealthy bankers & to Italian city-states & merchants wanted to a wealthy middle class show off their new status of bankers & merchants by commissioning art

The most important Italian city-state was Florence; In this wealthy trade city, the Renaissance began Florence was home to the Medici family, the wealthiest & most powerful bankers in Europe The Medici used their wealth to commission art for themselves & to beautify Florence

Humanism Intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance Focused on education & the classics Emphasized humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, & history) Importance of the human (creativity, individuals) not just the divine

New styles & techniques of Renaissance art Realism & emotion Classicism: inspiration from Greece & Rome Emphasis on individuals & interaction between people The first nude paintings & Geometric sculptures since the Romans arrangements Perspective Using light & shadows Greek Renaissance

Renaissance Artists

Donatello 1386 -1466 Donatello was the 1 st great sculptor of the Renaissance �Donatello revived the classical (Greco-Roman) style of sculpture that was realistic & could be viewed from all sides �Donatello’s “David” was the 1 st large, freestanding human

Michelangelo 1475 -1564 Michelangelo was one of the most famous Renaissance artists: �He was a painter, sculptor, architect, & poet �His sculptures & paintings showed realism, detail of the human body, & expression to show personality & emotion

Michelangelo sculptures “Pieta”& “David” are considered masterpieces

Michelangelo’s greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel which shows Biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty

Leonardo da Vinci 1452 -1519 “Renaissance Man” �He was a painter & sculptor �His art was known for incredible realism & emotion �He was also an inventor & scientist whose sketches reveal observations about human anatomy & new

His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece

Leonardo da Vinci’s greatest masterpiece was the “Mona Lisa” which was known for its emotion & depth

Vitruvian Man

Raphael 1483 -1520 Raphael “perfected” Renaissance painting �He improved perspective and realism by studying Leonardo & Michelangelo �Raphael became the favorite painter of the Pope because of his amazing detailed paintings showing a combination of famous Greeks & Romans along

Raphael’s greatest painting was “School of Athens” which blended Classical figures from Greece & Rome with important people from the Renaissance Plato (drawn to look like Da Vinci) Aristotle Raphael Pythagoras Michelangelo Euclid

The Northern Renaissance

As these ideas spread, this “Northern Renaissance” developed its own characteristics The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars & merchants from other areas visited Italian city-states

The Renaissance in France was most known for its unique architecture

The Renaissance in England was most known for literature, especially the plays of William Shakespeare

The Renaissance in the Netherlands was most known for realism in art Wedding Portrait by Jan Van Eyck

Guess if the following pieces of art (A-F) are: Renaissance or Medieval

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Florentine Niccolo Machiavelli 1469 -1527 Italian historian, writer, scholar Wrote “The Prince” �A guide for rulers on how to gain & keep power Use what ever means necessary Is it better to be loved or feared? “…is it better to be loved than feared, or vise versa? I don’t doubt that every prince would like to be both; but since it is hard to accommodate these qualities, if you have to make a choice, to be feared is much safer than to be loved. For it is a good general rule about men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, fearful of danger &

Florentine Niccolo Machiavelli 1469 -1527 Italian historian, writer, scholar Wrote “The Prince” �A guide for rulers on how to gain & keep power Use what ever means necessary Is it better to be loved or feared? “…is it better to be loved than feared, or vise versa? I don’t doubt that every prince would like to be both; but since it is hard to accommodate these qualities, if you have to make a choice, to be feared is much safer than to be loved. For it is a good general rule about men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, fearful of danger &

Johann Gutenberg Around 1440, invented a printing press Began a printing revolution Aided in the spread of the Renaissance Before, only a few thousand books in all of Europe

Renaissance Writers Sir Thomas More � English Humanist � Utopia, described ideal society of peace & harmony William Shakespeare � 1590 -1613, he wrote 37 plays � His characters spoke in a language the common people could understand � More than 1500 words appear for the first time in his writings