Ch 1 Sec 2 SS 3219 By about

Ch 1 Sec 2 SS 3219

§ By about 40, 000 years ago, human beings had become fully modern in their physical appearance. § However, over the following thousands of years, the way of life of early humans underwent incredible changes through the developing of new technology, artistic skills, and most importantly, agriculture. § Lets take a look at some of the early advances in technology & art

§ Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) humans were nomads - moved in search of food § Hunted animals, collected plant foods - were hunter-gatherers § Pre-historic hunter-gatherers, such as Cro-Magnons, increased their food supply by inventing tools

§ Early modern humans had launched a technological revolution to met their survival needs. § They used stone, bone, and wood to fashion more than 100 different tools. § knives to kill and butcher game, § fish hooks and harpoons to catch fish § A chisel-like cutter was designed to make other tools. § Cro-Magnons used bone needles to sew clothing made of animal hides.

§ Early modern humans created art: - cave paintings, animal sculptures, rock engravings and paintings - jewelry of sea shells, lion teeth, bear claws - polished beads from mammoth tusks

PALEOLITHIC

§ Complete Part A on your handout § 1. How did hunter-gatherers use technology to improve their chances of survival? § 2. What types of art did Paleolithic people create

§ For ten of thousands of years, a nomadic hunter-gathering lifestyle characterized the early humans who survived by hunting game and gathering edible plants. § Living in bands of 25 to 70 people, men hunted while the women gathered fruits, berries, roots, and grasses.

§ Around 10, 000 one of the greatest breakthroughs in history occurred when crops first appeared § This discovery would usher in the Neolithic Revolution, or the agricultural revolution—the far-reaching changes in human life resulting from the beginnings of farming. § This discovery resulted in the shift from food-gathering to food- producing culture

§ The Neolithic Revolution was a fundamental change in the way people lived. § The shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture led to permanent settlements, the establishment of social classes, and the eventual rise of civilizations. § The Neolithic Revolution is a major turning point in human history.

§ What factors led to the agricultural revolution? § Summarize the slash and burn farming method that was commonly used by some Neolithic groups? § Explain the significance of the domestication of animals during the Neolithic period § How did farming spread worldwide?

§ What factors led to the agricultural revolution? § Summarize the slash and burn farming method that was commonly used by some Neolithic groups? § Explain the significance of the domestication of animals during the Neolithic period § How did farming spread worldwide?

§ Neolithic revolution-the discovery of agriculture § Shift from food gathering to food production § Rising worldwide temperatures § Rich supply of grain § farming § Steady source of food

§ Slash-and-burn farming- cut down trees and burn them to clear fields § Ashes fertilize the fields § Plant crops for one or two years § Move to different field § Trees and grass grow repeat

§ Domestication- taming of animals § Horses, dogs, goats, pigs § Like farming, domestication of animals came slowly. § Significant because animals became a constant source of food

§ Jarmo - birthplace of agriculture § Agricultural settlement from 9, 000 yrs ago located near the Zagros mountains in northeastern “Iraq” § Wheat, barley, goats, pigs, sheep, horses § The Jarmo farmers, & others like them in places as far apart as Mexico and Thailand, pioneered a new way of life. § These early villages marked the beginning of a new era and laid the foundation for modern life

§ Within a few thousand years, people in many other regions, especially in fertile river valleys, turned to farming § Africa § Nile river § Grow wheat, barley § China § Huang River § Millet, wild rice § Mexico and Central America § Corn, beans squash

• What geographic feature favored the development of agricultural areas before 5000 B. C. ?

§ What effect did the agricultural revolution have on population growth? Why?

§ Catal Huyuk, in Turkey, is the best example of an early Neolithic town where the transition to a fully settled existence has been satisfactorily achieved. - Watch Catal Huyuk video overview (google drive for teachers) - Read Catak Huyuk handout & complete assigned questions