CGC 1 D Mar 24 2014 RURAL SETTLEMENT

CGC 1 D Mar. 24, 2014 RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE PATTERN OF RURAL SETTLEMENT: 1. The RESOURCES in the area Resources = JOBS *Which jobs would be associated with the following landscapes?

2. TRANSPORTATION methods at the time of settlement. - Any communities established before 1800 were based on water transportation - Communities established after 1800 were based on road and rail transportation

3. GOVERNMENT Policy - In some areas, settlement occurred with little to no government input - In others, the government carefully planned how, where, and when settlement would occur. - Three different settlement patterns can be found across Canada:

• Created 1627 LONG LOTS OF SOUTHERN QUEBEC • Land was owned by King of France • Developed along waterways (St. Lawrence River) for transportation • Settled before survey system implemented • Long, thin farms • Heritage Law – owners had to divide land amongst offspring • Taxes based on width of lot

Pros – Excellent soil conditions – Access to river ways – Narrow – lower taxes – Close to neighbours Cons – Narrow lots hard to work – Land became small and unworkable when divided amongst offspring ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

CONCESSION SYSTEM IN ONTARIO • Southern Ontario • Occurred after survey system was in place • Based on road and railways – no longer dependent on water • Concession Roads are parallel to waterway, and side roads are perpendicular • Approx. 2 km apart (4 km square grids)- then divided into lots

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Pros – Excellent soil for agriculture – Access to roadways – Easier access to land Cons – Further from neighbours

SECTION SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN PRAIRIES • Found from Manitoba to • • the Rocky Mountains Land was surveyed before settlement occurred Based on latitude and longitude Baseline is the 49 th parallel A family would get one quadrant – approx. 64 ha in size

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Pros – Land was well suited for modern farm machinery Cons – Soil was less fertile needed larger farms – Resulted in farm consolidation – Some distance between neighbours

ISSUES WITH RURAL AREAS TODAY • Movement towards urbanization • Movement to commercial farming • Technology is advancing farming practices • Fewer services provided within rural regions • Increased costs for goods and services • Less rural areas as a result of urbanization