CFR 250590 Introduction to GIS IntroductionOverview Why use

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Introduction-Overview • Why use a GIS? • What can a GIS do? • How does a GIS work? • GIS definitions _ © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 1

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Why use a GIS? • • • An extension of the paper map, but much more than a map, as you will see. GIS uses the analytical power of the computer to complete complex tasks. Computer's storage power to manage large data sets. Integration of many different types of data from many different sources. GIS maps a variety of different data to the same coordinate space (combination). More media stable than paper media, and easier to distribute via the net. • Faster and easier update. • Creation and use of "one-time" maps. • Tailor-made maps. • Elimination of some user bias. • GIS brings new tools for thinking differently about geographic data. _ © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 2

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS What can a GIS do? • Locate geographic features based on properties. • Identify and analyze properties of geographic features based on location. • • • Estimate economic effects of land-use regulation. Determine the optimal locations of new businesses. Generate optimal routing and scheduling delivery and repair services. Determine the ground area covered by a new cellular phone network. Delineate watershed boundaries. Predict vegetation types based on elevation, slope, and aspect. Predict landslide hazard for harvest units. Epidemeology. Locate natural areas that need protection. Make colorful and interesting maps. _ © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 3

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 1: Where is a given feature or set of features? Where are forest stands greater than 100 years of age? © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 4

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 2: What features are at a given location? • What is the age of the forest near the 1050 Road? © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 5

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 3: Where areas that meet a given complex set of criteria? What parts of the forest are located: • closer than 100 ft to a stream, and • farther than 50 ft from a road, • on > 30% slope? © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 6

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 4: How can operation costs be calculated with a GIS? • What is the average yarding distance for each stand in the forest? © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 7

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of what a GIS can do • Example 5: How can watershed analysis data be generated within a GIS? • What are the road and stream densities (mi / sq. mi) for the forest area? © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 8

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of GIS maps topographic mapping © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 9

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of GIS maps orthophoto image maps © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 10

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of GIS maps surface drapes & 3 -D modeling © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 11

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of GIS maps classified thematic mapping © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 12

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS Examples of GIS maps research documentation © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 13

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS How does GIS work? • Combination of coordinate data and tabular data © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 each feature has a record 14

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS definitions • "A system of hardware, software, and procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation, analysis, modeling and display of spatiallyreferenced data for solving complex planning and management problems. " • A working GIS integrates five key components: • • • hardware, software, data, people, and methods © Phil Hurvitz, 1999 -2000 15