Cerebral hemisphere Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem Adult brain

Precentral gyrus Central sulcus Postcentral gyrus Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Parieto-occipital sulcus (deep) Lateral sulcus Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebral cortex (gray matter) Gyrus Spinal cord Sulcus Fissure (a deep sulcus) (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Cerebral white matter Figure 7. 13 a

Parietal lobe Left cerebral hemisphere Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Cephalad Caudal (b)

Primary motor area Premotor area Anterior association area • Working memory and judgment • Problem solving • Language comprehension Broca’s area (motor speech) Olfactory area Central sulcus Primary somatic sensory area Gustatory area (taste) Speech/language (outlined by dashes) Posterior association area Visual area Auditory area (c) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 13 c

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 14

Longitudinal fissure Lateral ventricle Basal nuclei (basal ganglia) Superior Association fibers Commissural fibers (corpus callosum) Corona radiata Fornix Thalamus Internal capsule Third ventricle Pons Medulla oblongata © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Projection fibers Figure 7. 15

Cerebral hemisphere Corpus callosum Choroid plexus of third ventricle Occipital lobe of cerebral hemisphere Thalamus (encloses third ventricle) Pineal gland (part of epithalamus) Corpora quadrigemina Midbrain Cerebral aqueduct Third ventricle Anterior commissure Hypothalamus Optic chiasma Pituitary gland Mammillary body Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Cerebral peduncle of midbrain Fourth ventricle Choroid plexus Cerebellum (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 16 a

Radiations to cerebral cortex Visual impulses Reticular formation Ascending general sensory tracts (touch, pain, temperature) Auditory impulses Descending motor projections to spinal cord (b) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 16 b

I Olfactory III Oculomotor IV Trochlear VI Abducens II Optic V Trigeminal VII Facial Vestibular branch Cochlear branch VIII Vestibulocochlear X Vagus XII Hypoglossal © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. XI Accessory IX Glossopharyngeal Figure 7. 24

Skin of scalp Periosteum Bone of skull Superior sagittal sinus Subdural space Subarachnoid space Periosteal Meningeal Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater Arachnoid villus Blood vessel Falx cerebri (in longitudinal fissure only) (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 17 a

Skull Scalp Occipital lobe Tentorium cerebelli Cerebellum Arachnoid mater over medulla oblongata (b) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Superior sagittal sinus Dura mater Transverse sinus Temporal bone Figure 7. 17 b

Lateral ventricle Anterior horn Septum pellucidum Interventricular foramen Inferior horn Third ventricle Lateral aperture Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Central canal (a) Anterior view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 18 a

Lateral ventricle Anterior horn Posterior horn Interventricular foramen Third ventricle Inferior horn Cerebral aqueduct Median aperture Fourth ventricle Lateral aperture Central canal (b) Left lateral view © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 18 b

4 Superior sagittal sinus Arachnoid villus Subarachnoid space Arachnoid mater Meningeal dura mater Periosteal dura mater Right lateral ventricle (deep to cut) Choroid plexus Corpus callosum 1 Interventricular foramen Third ventricle 3 Cerebral aqueduct Lateral aperture Fourth ventricle Median aperture Central canal of spinal cord (c) CSF circulation Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle 2 1 CSF is produced by the choroid plexus of each ventricle. 2 CSF flows through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space via the median and lateral apertures. Some CSF flows through the central canal of the spinal cord. 3 CSF flows through the subarachnoid space. 4 CSF is absorbed into the dural venous sinuses via the arachnoid villi. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 18 c