CEOS Systems Engineering Office SEO Status Report CEOS

CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO) Status Report CEOS WGCV and WGISS Meeting Sanya, China Dr. L. De. Wayne Cecil Senior Science Advisor SEO Dr. Brian Killough Director SEO February 25 -29, 2008

CEOS SEO Background 68 member countries CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO) NASA La. RC was asked to lead the systems engineering effort in early 2007. The SEO was established in April 2007 to support the CEOS SIT, CEOS Constellation Teams and CEOS Working Groups. Created in 1984 46 members SEO Charter - systems engineering framework - requirements definition - mission assessment and studies - constellation architecture planning - foster communication within CEOS Constellations Support four constellation created in 2006 to bring about technical and scientific cooperation and collaboration among space agencies.

CEOS SEO 2007 Accomplishments CEOS General Support • Introduced a systems engineering framework to facilitate requirements definition and validation (next chart). • Conducted an assessment of the GEO Societal Benefit Area (SBA) observational requirements (on going effort, 294 ORs). • Produced a CEOS video to support the November CEOS Plenary and the December GEO Summit meetings. Distributed over 300 DVD’s globally. Copies are available at this meeting. • Initiated and now maintain a CEOS file server to support internal CEOS info management and the Cx teams (over 50 users). Contact SEO for more information about use and access. CEOS Constellation (Cx) Team Support • Tracked and funded several constellation projects including a Fire/Smoke Aerosol Project (Jack Fishman, La. RC) and an Atmospheric Composition assessment and gap analysis (Jolyon Reburn, Rutherford Appleton Lab). • Participated and supported planning of several Cx Workshops, developed draft system requirements and work plans, performed assessments, and facilitated communication with CEOS leaders and CEOS Cx teams. • Performed a coverage assessment for the Land Surface Imaging (LSI) Constellation addressing Landsat, Sentinel and Rapid-Eye capabilities.

An Evolving “System” Framework for GEOSS Working Group on Education WGEdu Societal Benefits Decision Makers Working Group on Information Systems and Services WGISS Useful Products Information products & services Working Group on Calibration and Validation WGCV Science and Knowledge & Models Algorithm development SEO Vision A systematic approach to space -based implementation of GEOSS for societal benefit Constellation Architectures Requirements Assessment Measurable Parameters Measurements Mission Constraints Instruments and Missions

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Land Surface Imaging Virtual Constellations 11/3/2020 Data & Ground Systems Atmospheric Composition Oceans & Precipitation Completed a 14 -minute narrated video for CEOS in November 2007. The video illustrates how current and future international satellite constellations can collectively observe the land, oceans, precipitation, and atmosphere of the Earth, for the benefit of society. It presents results from remote sensing of volcanic eruptions, tropical deforestation, biomass burning, smoke dispersion, greenhouse gases, floods, hurricanes, and rising sea levels. DVD’s were distributed at the CEOS Plenary and GEO (Group on Earth Observation) Plenary meetings. Pre-Decisional-Internal Use Only International Cooperation 5 Societal Impact / Benefits

Atmospheric Composition Constellation SBA Impact Assessment and Mission Architecture Assessment Climate Disasters Health Energy Biodiversity System Requirements Document using the SEO framework Helping to organize the ACC Climate Workshop to be held in the May 2008 timeframe at GISS/DC Fire/Smoke Aerosol Project led by Jack Fishman (NASA La. RC) utilizing CALIPSO data

Ocean Surface Topography Constellation Societal Benefit Impact Climate Data Record Continuity Future Funded Current OST System Requirements Document using the SEO framework OST Constellation Mission Architecture

Land Surface Imaging Constellation Land Imaging Study: Investigated coverage capability for Landsat-7, Rapid-Eye and Sentinel-2 considering cloud interference. Results will be used by the Land Imaging Constellation team and USGS to determine architecture approaches for the future. Preliminary report delivered in Nov 07. Future report (2008) will include enhanced cloud cover models and the addition of LDCM. Rapid. Eye – 5 -day Repeat Coverage Interval Preliminary results suggest technological advancements of Rapid. Eye have great cost benefit and orbit approach for Sentinel has great land coverage benefit. Rapid. Eye – 5 -day Cloud Constrained Coverage Interval Land Imaging Opportunities in Cloud Contour Map Report is already being used to support post. LDCM planning and potential international collaborations for future land imaging.

SEO Task Summary for 2008 n Support CEOS SIT with the CEOS/GEO Remapping: • • • n Support Constellations and Working Groups: • • n Develop system requirements, perform studies and assessments, and support architecture planning Initiate work with WGCV, WGISS, WGEdu, and other relevant groups. Facilitate communications (CEOS groups and external) • n SIT workshop planned on Feb 20 -22. Develop a web-based tool for documenting / tracking actions with query and download capability. Map instruments and missions against actions and perform impact and gap analyses. Upgrade CEOS website to include new CEOS/GEO Remapping link, CEOS Constellation and Working Groups, updated CEOS contact information, and SEO content. Complete requirements definition, assessment and gap analysis for the Climate SBA, and others, if possible. • • • Define detailed requirements for Climate using the Essential Climate Variables (ECV). Include informational products, science/models and measurements according to the SEO taxonomy. Map measurements, instruments and missions to the requirements and perform an initial assessment and gap analysis. Coordinate work with the SBA Climate Lead (Mitch Goldberg), GCOS leaders (Paul Mason and Stephan Bojinski), and the CEOS Working Groups.

GEO Document and CEOS Action Traceability GEO Group on Earth Observations GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems GCOS Global Climate Observing System CEOS Committee on Earth Observing Satellites GEO 2007 -2009 Work Plan GEOSS 10 -Year Implementation Plan Feb-2005 71 Total Tasks SPACE 241 Total Targets GLOBAL 39 Continuing 32 New SIT “Remapping” 107 (2 -year) 82 (6 -year) 52 (10 -year) 294 Observational Requirements (ORs) GCOS Implementation Plan Oct-2004, GCOS-92 155 Total Actions GLOBAL 24 Key Actions 32 Atmosphere 41 Ocean 37 Terrestrial 21 Cross-Cutting Systematic Observational Requirements for Satellite-Based Products for Climate Sep-2006, GCOS-107 28 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) CEOS Response to the GCOS Implementation Plan Sep-2006 12 Atmosphere 19 Ocean 6 Terrestrial 22 Cross-Cutting CEOS Implementation Plan Oct-2007 59 Total Actions SPACE 78 Total Targets SPACE 32 (2 -year) 28 (6 -year) 18 (10 -year)

SEO Study Capabilities • SEO has Systems Engineering expertise in the development of system requirements (SBA’s, information products, science modeling, measurements, instrument, missions) for systems architecture gap assessment and planning. • SEO has expertise in the development of “Campaign Analysis” models including value models, and probabilistic cost and schedule uncertainty. • SEO has expertise in Satellite Tool Kit (STK) orbit analyses for performing trade studies of mission orbits and architecture planning. • SEO has a license for the US Air Force Combat Climatology Center (AFCCC) data record that contains many geophysical data parameters systems analysis studies. Geophysical: Global, 2. 5 deg spatial, 6 -hour temporal, 1950 -2006: - High, Med, Low Cloud Base, Cloud Cover and Cloud Type - Precipitation Rates and Types, Ice Cover, Surface Temp, Ground Wetness - Wind Direction and Wind Speed (10 -1000 h. Pa, 10 m) Regional, 40 -km spatial, 1 -hour temporal, 1950 -2006 - Thunderstorm Probability (surface), Wind Gust Speed (surface) Oceanographic: Global, 0. 25 -deg, 1 -day temporal, 1993 -2004 (Depth, Salinity, Water Temp) Global, 1 -deg, 3 -hr temporal, 1993 -2002 (Wave Direction, Period and Height)

Proposed CEOS Website Architecture CEOS Committee on Earth Observing Satellites CEOS Contact Information CEOS Leadership Constellations Working Groups SBA Teams SEO Update CEOS Constellations and Working Groups Atmospheric Composition (AC) Land Surface Imaging (LSI) Precipitation Ocean Surface Topography (OST) Calibration/Validation (WGCV) Info Systems and Services (WGISS) Education (WGEdu) New Constellations ? ? ? CEOS Action Tracking GEO Tasks (71) CEOS Targets (78)-future Reports Queries SEO Gap Assessments NASA Content Mgmt JAXA host CEOS Systems Engineering (SEO) File Server Cx System Requirements SBA/GEOSS Requirements Cx Studies and Assessments List of Services Newsletters

Essential Climate Variables (ECV) n A. A. 1 A. 2 A. 3 A. 4 A. 5 A. 6 A. 7 A. 8 A. 9 A. 10 A. 11 28 total ECVs - space-based measurable atmospheric, ocean and terrestrial parameters including TWO “Reanalysis” ECV’s (A 8 and O 6) for Oceans and Atmosphere Surface Wind Speed and Direction Upper-air Temperature Water Vapor Cloud properties Precipitation Earth Radiation Budget Ozone Atmospheric Reanalysis (multiple ECVs) Aerosols CO 2, CH 4 and other Greenhouse Gases Upper-air Wind O. O. 1 O. 2 O. 3 O. 4 O. 5 O. 6 O. 7 Oceans Sea Ice Sea Level Sea Surface Temperature Ocean Color Sea State Ocean Reanalysis (Multiple ECVs) Ocean Salinity T. T. 1 T. 2 T. 3 T. 4 T. 5 T. 6 T. 7 T. 8 T. 9 T. 10 Terrestrial Lakes Glaciers and Ice Caps, and Ice Sheets Snow Cover Albedo Land Cover f. APAR (Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation) LAI (Leaf Area Index) Biomass Fire Disturbance Soil moisture

Example Requirements: Climate (Ocean Domain) Decision Makers Information products & services Knowledge & Models Measurements Instruments and Missions § Policies for coastal population growth § Disaster plans for hurricane flooding § Water usage restrictions § Initiatives impacting global warming § Forecasts (mean sea level, storm surge level) § Warnings (hurricane, flood, drought) § Maps (hurricane storm surge, stream flow, water storage) § Sea Level Rise Models § Climate Models (Global Warming, El Nino and La Nina) § Hurricane, Flood, Drought Models § Stream Flow and Water Storage Models § Sea Level (Sea Surface Height – SSH) § Sea Surface Temperature (SST) § Sea State (surface winds, wave information) Instruments § Radar Altimeter (Sea Level) § Synthetic Aperture Radar (Sea State) § Wind Scatterometer (Sea State) § Imager (Sea Surface Temperature) ECVs – Essential Climate Variables Missions § TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason 1, 2, 3 (high precision) § ERS-2, ENVISAT (in orbit, complementary) § Cryosat-2, HY-2 A, SARAL, Sentinel-3 A, SWOT (future)

SEO Contributions to Climate • Assess the ECV parameters and identify missing parameters or inconsistencies between GEOSS, GCOS and CEOS documentation. - Example: ECV’s relate to 33 of the 36 (92%) GEOSS 10 -yr Plan Climate SBA Observational Requirements. - Example: Missing “Terrestrial Reanalysis” • Using the “systems framework” determine relevant informational products and science models. • Perform assessments and gap analyses of measurements and missions for each ECV. • Engage CEOS Working Groups, GEO Climate SBA lead, GCOS in developing requirements and reviewing assessments.

Contact Information • Brian Killough, SEO Director – NASA La. RC Phone: 757 -864 -7047 Email: Brian. D. Killough@nasa. gov • L. De. Wayne Cecil, SEO Senior Science Advisor – NASA Langley SEO and USGS – Idaho National Laboratory, USA, Phone: 208 -528 -2611 Email: ldcecil@usgs. gov