Central vs Local Civilian vs Military Some Comparative
- Slides: 10
Central vs Local: Civilian vs Military. Some Comparative Aspects of Policing Clive Emsley, Emeritus Professor, Department of History, Open University, Milton Keynes
Civilian and Military France Police nationale France Gendarmerie nationale Italy Polizia di Stato Italy Carabinieri
‘British Police’ ‘UK Police’? • • • 43 English and Welsh Forces 8 Scottish forces PSNI British Transport Police Ministry of Defence Police Etc But IPAB markets the “UK Police Brand”
UK Models? • English Police – Charles Reith ‘Kin police’ for a consensual society • Irish/Colonial Model – Sir Charles Jeffries 1. Securing territory 2. Suppression of violence 3. Prevention of crime (Gendarmeries in all but name? )
A typology for the 19 th century • State military (gendarmeries) • State civilian • Municipal
Twentieth-Century Changes 1 Europe Centralisation Militarisation France 1941 France – maintained division Germany c. 1936 Germany – late 1940 s to 1950 s
Twentieth-Century Changes 2 Centralisation England • Amalgamations • End of Watch Committees and SJCs • Home Secretary’s role in committee appointments France • Paris incorporated into Police nationale (1967) • Police nationale and Gendarmerie under Ministry of Interior (2009)
Federal Systems Germany • Federal forces: Bundespolizei (from old BGS) Bundeskriminalamt Parliamentary Police • Lander forces (15) Landespolizei Kripo USA • Federal forces: FBI DEA • States (49) and Municipal Thousands of them
Civilian deferred residency
Chra europe region employment
Civilian benefits hroc navy
If a civilian employee condones
Do not be entangled with the affairs of this world
Air force cslp
Civilian dnd
George‚äôs gyros
A think local act local multicountry type of strategy
A "think local, act local" multidomestic type of strategy
Strategies for competing in international markets
