Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord Peripheral Nervous
Central nervous system Brain Spinal cord Peripheral Nervous system – messages via spinal and cranial nerves Motor nerves Sensory nerves - from CNS to effectors carry sensory info to brain and spinal cord somatic sensory nerves - FROM skin, muslces, joints, special senses visceral sensory nerves - FROM body organs Autonomic motor nerves (controls body function) To smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, organs, glands involuntary Somatic motor nerves (controls movement) TO skin, skeletal muscles, tendons voluntary Sympathetic division "Fight or flight" Parasympathetic division "rest and digest" "normal state"
Resting Potential
Action Potential
Action Potential
Propagation of Action Potential
Synaptic Integration
lateral ventricle third ventricle pineal gland Cerebrum skull meninges corpus callosum Diencephalon thalamus (surrounds the third ventricle) hypothalamus pituitary gland Brain stem midbrain pons medulla oblongata Cerebellum fourth ventricle spinal cord b. Cerebral hemispheres
Spinal Cranial Nerve artery and vein single nerve fiber bundle of nerve fibers
Somatic Nervous system pin central canal dorsal root ganglion white matter sensory receptor (in skin) Dorsal gray matter dorsal horn cell body of sensory neuron axon of sensory neuron cell body of interneuron effector (muscle) axon of motor neuron ventral root cell body of motor neuron ventral horn Ventral
Autonomic Nervous system stimulates tears inhibits tears constricts pupils dilates pupils Sympathetic Division ganglion Parasympathetic Division inhibits salivation stimulates salivation cranial nerves slows heart speeds heart dilates air passages cervical nerves constricts bronchioles stimulates liver to release glucose stimulates gallbladder to release bile stimulates adrenal secretion thoracic nerves vagus nerve increases activity of stomach and pancreas inhibits activity of kidneys, stomach, and pancreas increases intestinal activity decreases intestinal activity lumbar nerves ganglion inhibits urination causes orgasmic contractions sympathetic ganglia stimulates urination causes erection of genitals sacral nerves Acetylcholine is neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is neurotransmitter.
Somatic Motor Pathway Autonomic motor pathways Sympathetic motor pathway Parasympathetic motor involuntary # of neurons/message 1 2 (preganglionic shorter than post) 2 (preganglionic longer than post) Loctn of motor fiber Most cranial nerves and all spinal nerves Thoracic-lumbar spinal Cranial and sacral nerves spinal nerves Neurotransmitter acetylcholine Norepinephrine (NE) Acetylcholine (Ach) effectors Skeletal muscle, skin, tendons Smooth & cardiac muscle, glands, & organs Control Vol/invol
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