Central European Monarchs Clash Thirty Years War 1618

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Central European Monarchs Clash

Central European Monarchs Clash

Thirty Years’ War (1618 -1648) Ø Holy Roman Empire has broken down into several

Thirty Years’ War (1618 -1648) Ø Holy Roman Empire has broken down into several Prussian (German) territories. Ø Peace of Augsburg – Choose Lutheran or Catholic; peace was short lived; Calvinists move into area and all princes allied with their “own kind” Ø 1618: Ferdinand of Bohemia (Hapsburg king) elected emperor. He is Anti – Protestant. Tried to return Prussia (Germany) to Catholicism. Ø Spain, Poland supported Ferdinand. Ø Protestant countries – Sweden, Netherlands – sent troops into Prussia to protect Protestants. Ø France comes in on side of Sweden to protect Alsace from Prussian control and to insure that the Hapsburgs monarchy would not be as powerful as France. Ø Over thirty years alliances continually changed. Ø War led to starvation, famine and disease. Area severely depopulated.

Thirty Years’ War (1618 -1648) • 1648: Peace of Westphalia signed. • New Peace

Thirty Years’ War (1618 -1648) • 1648: Peace of Westphalia signed. • New Peace method used for 1 st time! • Germany is destroyed (population decimated, agriculture and economy destroyed) • Prussia remains fragmented • German princes independent of HRE • Spanish and Austrian Hapsburgs lose much power. • France is clear winner, gains territory from Spain and Prussia, including Alsace. • Ended the religious wars • MOST IMPORTANT- beginning of the modern state; no more religious empires • Power vacuum in the central part of Europe will be filled by two German speaking families!

From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

Prussia & the Austrian Empire: 1721 -22

Prussia & the Austrian Empire: 1721 -22

Austria – Maria Theresa (Hapsburg) 1740 - 1780 Ø Absolute monarch of Austria Ø

Austria – Maria Theresa (Hapsburg) 1740 - 1780 Ø Absolute monarch of Austria Ø Controlled a diverse population Ø Inherited the throne from her father, Charles VI; other leaders promised to recognize her as leader Ø Took away nobles power Ø Enlightened Despot Ø Eased tax and labor burden on her people Ø Gave more rights to her subjects Ø Gave birth to 16 children while in power (Louis XIV’ wife, Marie Antoinette)

Maria Theresa & Her Family Her Notable Children: § HRE Joseph II § HRE

Maria Theresa & Her Family Her Notable Children: § HRE Joseph II § HRE Leopold II § Queen Marie Antoinette (Fr. )

Frederick I - King of Prussia 1713 -1740 l Family name: Hohenzollerns l Also

Frederick I - King of Prussia 1713 -1740 l Family name: Hohenzollerns l Also known as the Great Elector l Fear b/c of 30 yr. war - builds the strongest army in Europe l Becomes an absolute monarch ¡To protect his lands ¡Began calling themselves kings ¡Introduced taxation l Weakened the representative assemblies of their territories

• Junkers- Prussia’s landowning nobility • Originally oppose Fredericks growing power • Later

• Junkers- Prussia’s landowning nobility • Originally oppose Fredericks growing power • Later are given the exclusive rights to be officers in the military • Prussia becomes a strictly controlled, highly militarized society.

Frederick the Great • King of Prussia • Frederick II • 1740 -1786

Frederick the Great • King of Prussia • Frederick II • 1740 -1786

Frederick II “the Great” • Childhood: Not military enough? • Frederick loves poetry, music,

Frederick II “the Great” • Childhood: Not military enough? • Frederick loves poetry, music, and philosophy • Runs away with a friend • Gets caught • Forced to watch his friend get beheaded • Leaves Frederick with bitter memories

Frederick II “the Great” • Once king he follows his fathers military policies. •

Frederick II “the Great” • Once king he follows his fathers military policies. • Softened some of his fathers laws • Encouraged religious toleration and legal reform • Believed that a ruler should be like a father to his people

War of Austrian Succession Frederick II of Prussia wants control of Hungary and Silesia

War of Austrian Succession Frederick II of Prussia wants control of Hungary and Silesia (1740) Silesia- an area that produces iron ore, textiles & food products. - He doubts Maria’s power - Maria Theresa gathers and army and together with Great Britain and Hungary fight Prussia and France. - Result: Maria Theresa loses Silesia Prussians unified into 1 nation and become a major power!

War of the Austrian Succession

War of the Austrian Succession

Seven Years War • Maria Theresa (Austria) makes an alliance with France – she

Seven Years War • Maria Theresa (Austria) makes an alliance with France – she switched alliances • Frederick the Great (Prussia) signs an alliance with Great Britain – he switched alliances • Austria, France, and Russia vs. Prussia and Great Britain. • 1 st time Russia has played a part in European affairs. • 1756 Frederick attacks Saxony (an Austrian ally) • Seven Years war begins (1756 -1763) • Also known as the French and Indian War • British emerge as the victors and French lost its colonies in North America.

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The Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The ThirtyThe Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The Thirty
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The Thirty Years War 1618 1648 AP EuropeanThe Thirty Years War 1618 1648 AP European
ReligiousSecular War Thirty Years Wars 1618 1648 SocialReligiousSecular War Thirty Years Wars 1618 1648 Social
The Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The DisintegrationThe Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The Disintegration
The Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The DisintegrationThe Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The Disintegration
The Thirty Years War 1618 1648 Warm UpThe Thirty Years War 1618 1648 Warm Up
The Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The FIRSTThe Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The FIRST
The Thirty Years War 1618 48 Compare andThe Thirty Years War 1618 48 Compare and
The Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The FIRSTThe Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The FIRST
The Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The DisintegrationThe Thirty Years War 1618 1648 The Disintegration