CENTRAL ASIA CULTURES AND HISTORY CENTRAL ASIA KEY

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CENTRAL ASIA CULTURES AND HISTORY

CENTRAL ASIA CULTURES AND HISTORY

CENTRAL ASIA

CENTRAL ASIA

KEY TERMS �COLLECTIVE FARM �In a Communist country, a large farm formed from many

KEY TERMS �COLLECTIVE FARM �In a Communist country, a large farm formed from many private farms collected into a single unit controlled by the government.

�In 2001 the American soldiers came to fight a war in Afghanistan. �Now they

�In 2001 the American soldiers came to fight a war in Afghanistan. �Now they are based in many Central Asian countries. �Russian soldiers are also residing there. �New investors and businessmen are visiting these countries. �Central Asia is growing and gaining importance in the World.

MEETING PLACE OF EMPIRES �Long ago Central Asia was a meeting place for peoples

MEETING PLACE OF EMPIRES �Long ago Central Asia was a meeting place for peoples from different cultures. �It is located between East Asia and Europe. �Over time several ethnic groups settled here. �Each group brought new ideas and ways of living.

THE SILK ROAD �More than 2000 years ago a trade route called the Silk

THE SILK ROAD �More than 2000 years ago a trade route called the Silk Road linked China and Europe. �The Silk Road brought Central Asia into contact with East Asia, Southwest Asia, and Europe. �Caravans brought Chinese silk and Asian spices to the West. �They carried items like glass, wool, gold and silver to the East. �They exchanged ideas and inventions.

INVASION AND CONQUEST �Silk Road generated wealth but it also attracted invaders who wanted

INVASION AND CONQUEST �Silk Road generated wealth but it also attracted invaders who wanted to control Central Asia. �The Muslim Empire ruled over this area and spread a great deal. They left their impact on the people and culture of this region. �Today most of the people in this region are Muslims.

�In 1200 s the rise of the sea trade led to the decline of

�In 1200 s the rise of the sea trade led to the decline of the Silk Road. �Ships began carrying goods between China and Europe.

UNDER RUSSIAN RULE �In 1865 Russia captured the city of Tashkent, Uzbekistan. �They built

UNDER RUSSIAN RULE �In 1865 Russia captured the city of Tashkent, Uzbekistan. �They built railroads, factories and large farms in Central Asia. �They practiced Islam and lived as nomadic herders.

THE SOVIET UNION �In 1922, Russian Communists formed the Soviet Union. �The Soviets divided

THE SOVIET UNION �In 1922, Russian Communists formed the Soviet Union. �The Soviets divided the region into five separate states, which they called republics. �They forced the people to work on collective farms, which are large farms controlled by the government. �These collective farms did not produce sufficient food for people to eat, due to which in 1930 s at least 1 million people starved to death.

�Although the Soviet built many new industries, schools and hospitals, they allowed people few

�Although the Soviet built many new industries, schools and hospitals, they allowed people few freedom. �They outlawed the practice of religion and tried to stamp out Muslim culture. �Many mosques were torn down in the mid 1900 s.

WAR IN AFGHANISTAN �In 1979, the Soviets tried to extend their control by invading

WAR IN AFGHANISTAN �In 1979, the Soviets tried to extend their control by invading Afghanistan. �Afghan forces fought the Soviets and called themselves Mujahedin, or holy warriors. �The Soviets finally withdrew their troops. �The war continued and eventually in mid 1990 a group known as Taliban took control of most of the country. �Their brutal rule finished when in 2001 U. S. military attacked. �Hamid Karzai was elected the President of the country.

AFTER INDEPENDENCE �After independence the five different republics adopted a name that reflected its

AFTER INDEPENDENCE �After independence the five different republics adopted a name that reflected its main ethnic group. �Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. �The suffix –stan is a Persian term that means “place of, or land”. �Kazakhstan means “place of the Kazakhs” or “Kazakh land”.

�Kazakhstan is the largest country. It is mostly flat and has important natural resources,

�Kazakhstan is the largest country. It is mostly flat and has important natural resources, such as oil and natural gas. �Tajikistan is the smallest country which is mountainous and is very poor.

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES �These newly formed republics have a very poor economy. �Many people

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES �These newly formed republics have a very poor economy. �Many people do not have jobs. Health care and education are poor and hard to get. �Central Asian people celebrate their culture and Islam. �Mosques that has fallen into ruin are being rebuilt. �They teach their children about their religion.