Centipedes Millipedes Insects Mammals Birds Reptiles Crustaceans Arachnids

Centipedes/ Millipedes Insects Mammals Birds Reptiles Crustaceans Arachnids Arthropods Amphibians Chordates Annelids Fish Mollusks Lancelets Tunicates Roundworms Echinoderms Flatworms Cnidarians Sponges Characteristics Of Animals

The Animal Kingdom Characteristics of Animals • They are multicellular. • They reproduce either sexually or asexually. • They have distinct body parts that do different things. • They can move around. • They cannot make their own food.

Let’s watch Tim and Moby • http: //www. brainpop. com/science/livingsyst ems/vertebrates/comic/ http: //www. brainpop. com/science/livingsystems/invertebrates/

Animal Kingdom • Animals are classified into the Animal Kingdom. • Animals are consumers. • Animals can be grouped as Invertebrates or vertebrates.

Invertebrate -No backbone Vertebrates Backbone present

Vertebrates can be further characterized as endotherms or ectotherms. • Endotherms-Animal that can produce its own heat and can maintain a constant body temperature. • Ectotherms-an organism that needs sources of heat outside of itself. (cold blooded)

Animal Kingdom: butterfly Can you classify these animals? hamster mouse spider humans worm seahorse frog octopus turtle fish seastar

Animal Kingdom: Answers Invertebrates Vertebrates

Invertebrates • Invertebrates are by far the most numerous animals on Earth. • Nearly 2 million species have been identified to date. These 2 million species make up about 98 percent of all the animals identified in the entire animal kingdom. • The true number of invertebrate species may be as high as 100 million and that the work of identifying and classifying invertebrate life has only just begun.

symmetry • Most animals have symmetry. Let’s look at the different type of symmetry. • Asymmetry • Radial • Bilateral

• Bilateral- Two halves of an organism’s body are mirror images of each other.

• Radial symmetry- in which the parts of the body are arranged in a circle around a central point.

• Asymmetry-When you cannot draw straight line to divide its body into two or more equal parts. Its body is not organized around the center.

Giant clam mollusk • I am a Nautilus Mollusk. I rest on the ocean floor in the daytime. I swim at night. I eat shrimp and algae.

To breathe or not to breathe Animals have different ways to breathe. We will the two ways that animals breathe: • Gills • Lungs

Animals have different methods of locomotion and respiration. • Gills-breathing organ of fish: the organ that fish and some other water animals use to breathe, consisting of a membrane containing many blood vessels through which oxygen passes.

• Lung-respiratory organ in vertebrates that transfer oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from it.

Roll that film! • http: //www. brainpop. com/science/livingsyst ems/gills/

Let’s move Animal have different body parts that allows them to move. Let’s learn about some of those ways. • Tube feet • Tentacles • Appendages

• Tube feet- radial canals connected to dozens of tiny suckers; used for feeding, moving around, or performing other functions depending on the species.

• Starfish - ampullae and tube feet

• Tentacles- a long flexible organ around the mouth or on the head of some animals, especially invertebrates such as squid, used in holding, grasping, feeling, or moving

• Appendage- a body part or organ that projects from the main part of the body, e. g. a tail, wing, or fin.

1+1=3 • Some animals reproduce asexually, but most reproduce sexually. We will learn the different types of each. • Budding • Fragmentation • Conjugation • Internal fertilization • External fertilization

Some animals reproduce asexually, but most sexually. • Budding-a form of asexual reproduction in which an outgrowth of the parent pinches of and eventually separates to form a new individual.

• Great shot of asexual budding in a prepared slide of Hydra.

• Fragmentation- parts of organism break off and then develop into a new individual that is identical to the original one.

• Conjugation-the simplest form of reproduction, in which two single-celled organisms such as bacteria or protozoans link together, exchange genetic information, and then separate.

• Internal fertilization. When the eggs of a female is fertilized inside of the female.

• External fertilization. When the eggs of the female is fertilized outside of the female body.

Simple Invertebrates • Sponges- are invertebrates animals that have no body symmetry and never have body tissues or organs. They are filter feeders that are able to reproduce both sexually (external fertilization) and asexually (budding). Sponges belong to the phylum Porifera. Adult sponges are not able to move.

• Cnidarians are a phylum of invertebrate animals that have stinging cells and take food into a central body cavity. The stinging cells allow them to capture food and defend themselves. Cnidarians exhibit radial symmetry. Many adult cnidarians can move to escape danger and capture food. They are able to reproduce sexually, utilizing external fertilization, as well as asexually, mostly through budding. Examples of cnidarians include coral and sea anemones.

• Worms are invertebrates that have long, narrow bodies without legs. They exhibit bilateral symmetry. They have tissues, organs, and organ systems. Worms reproduce both sexually and asexually.

• Worms are divided into three groups-flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) , roundworms (phylum Nematoda) and segmented worms (phylum Annelida).

Flatworms

Roundworms

Segmented Worms

• Mollusks (phylum Mollusca) are invertebrates with soft, unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard outer shell. They exhibit bilateral symmetry.

There are three major groups of mollusksgastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods. • Gastropods, such as snails, have a single external shell or no shell at all. Gastropods move by the use of a muscular foot. • Bivalves, such as oysters, are two-shelled mollusks that utilize filter feeding. Adult bivalves stay in one place or move slowly through the water. • Cephalopods, such as the octopus, are oceandwelling mollusks whose foot is adapted to form tentacles around its mouth. Not all cephalopods have shells. Cephalopods capture prey by using its tentacles and swim by jet propulsion.

Gastropods

Bivalves

Cephalopods

Arthropods • Arthropods (phylum Arthropoda) are invertebrates that have an external skeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages. • They have bilateral symmetry and most reproduce sexually. • Arthropods have mouthparts that are specialized for chewing their food. • Most arthropods have the ability to move through the use of legs. • Insects have wings that allow for flight.

Arthropods • The major groups of arthropods are crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes and millipedes, and insects. • Crustaceans include crabs and shrimp. Arachnids include spiders and ticks. • Insects include mosquitoes, bees, and grasshoppers

Birds • Birds (phylum Chordata) are a class of endothermic vertebrate animals whose bodies are covered with feathers and have a four-chambered heart. They have the ability to fly using their wings. • Birds have internal fertilization and lay eggs. • They exhibit bilateral symmetry. • Most parent birds will care for their young until they are able to fly.

Mammals • Mammals (phylum Chordata) are class of endothermic vertebrate animals that have a four-chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair. • Most mammals are born alive and is fed with milk produced by the mother. • Most mammals walk or run on four limbs. They have bilateral symmetry

• Mammals are classified into three groups based on how their young develop-monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals. • Mammals usually care for their young for an extended period of time. • All mammals reproduce with internal fertilization.