CEN 4021 Software Engineering II Software Project Planning

CEN 4021 Software Engineering II Software Project Planning (POMA) Project resource planning Instructor: Masoud Sadjadi http: //www. cs. fiu. edu/~sadjadi/ sadjadi@cs. fiu. edu CEN 4021 7 th Lecture

Acknowledgements Dr. Onyeka Ezenwoye Dr. Peter Clarke CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture 2

Agenda Software Project Planning (POMA) – Project resource planning CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Three Types of Resources Human resources Processes and Methodologies Tools and Equipment CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Three Types of Resources Once the project deliverables, WBS, tasks, initial schedule and goals are understood the resources required to complete the project must be planned. The key resource for most software projects is people. On an organizational level, processes, policies, and specific methodologies need to be available to ensure the successful completion of the project. CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Human Resources • The number of people, the type of people with different skills, and the point at which these people need to begin working on a project all depend on the tasks that need to be performed and the goals such as schedule, of the project. • Human resources management is concerned with the recruiting, hiring, retaining, growing, coaching, and firing of people. CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Human Resources – software project manager will focus on the recruiting effort and timing of hire. – Recruitment and hiring proceed in two stages: 1. Based on the various tasks involved in the software project, a skills matrix is built. Consists of # of people required in each skill category along with information on which persons, by name , are already on board. 2. Using the skills matrix, a hiring plan is developed. CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Human Resources – Two types of personnel are needed on a project: 1. Direct project activities: Activities that lead to a customer deliverable. E. g. , personnel to perform the following tasks; requirements specification, design, coding, manual writing, testing , integration, and packaging. 2. Indirect project activities: Activities that do not lead to customer deliverables. E. g. , planning, controlling, and reporting of the project activities. CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Human Resources 1. Human Resources Example: – Assume indirect personnel are already in place. Direct software development personnel planning is considered. – Table 4. 2. shows an initial skills matrix (next slide). – A gradual hiring pattern is quite realistic for this project. – Table 4. 3. shows a people hiring matrix. CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Table 4. 2. Initial Skills Matrix. Months Skilled Personnel Reqs. Analyst 1 2 3 1 1 1 Designers 1 4 5 6 2 2 1 4 1 1 Programmers Testers Project Leader 1 1 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 8 4 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 9 8 Customer support Total Personnel 2 2 CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 3 4 8 10 11 12 12 12 7 th Lecture …

Human Resources Example cont: – Table 4. 2 shows there is a short peak period and the rapid pace at which people leave the project. – Note the personnel for the project is not assigned in isolation. – Economic period has a lot to do with the ease of hiring. CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Process and Methodologies 2. Process and Methodologies – Processes and methodologies are viewed as resources. – Recall there is no single process for software development. – Software Project Phases Requirements processing Design Implementation and programming Testing Product CEN 4021: Software Engineering II release 7 th Lecture

Process and Methodologies 2. Process and Methodologies cont Product release process Integration, Product packaging, and installation order, release, and shipment management Other process planning Configuration Outsourcing management Quality assurance Project change management CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Tools and Equipment 3. Tools and Equipment Hardware requirements Desktop computers: Specify capabilities in terms of CPU speed, main memory size, disk storage size, number of ports (for printers, communications and connection to other peripherals); specify number of desktop computers Server computers: Specify capabilities in terms of CPU speed, main memory and auxiliary cache memory sizes, disk storage size, number of ports; specify number of server computers CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Tools and Equipment 3. Tools and Equipment cont Hardware requirements cont Printers: desktop versus shared; specify the number of each kind of printer Network equipment: controllers, lines, modems; specify number of each Software requirements Operating system: specify the number of copies required for the desktop and server computers Database CEN 4021: Software Engineering II system: specify the number of user seats required 7 th Lecture

Tools and Equipment 3. Tools and Equipment cont Software requirements cont Middleware system: specify the type of communication middleware or transaction-processing middleware, set to the needed number of users or to some number of transactions Once the basic hardware and software resources are identified tools are considered CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Tools and Equipment 3. Tools and Equipment cont Classification of Tools Development and implementation tools: libraries of executable code, editors, compilers, and debugging aids; specify the number of copies or the number of user seats for each Requirements Design management tools: # of seats Documentation CEN 4021: Software Engineering II tools: # of seats and # of copies 7 th Lecture

Tools and Equipment 3. Tools and Equipment cont Classification of Tools cont Test tools: keystroke capture tools, test execution monitor tools, performance measurement tools, code coverage analysis tools: # of seats and # of copies Support tools: customer call management, release management; # of copies Management and general-use tools: library systems, configuration management, diagramming and flowcharting tools, word processors, spreadsheets, project schedulers, statistical function packages; # of copies and # of seats CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Tools and Equipment Combining the resources: – Resource planning is a lengthy but a very important project management activity. – The resources required to satisfy the software project depend on the deliverables, tasks, schedule, and project goals. – See Table 4. 5 for a combined resource matrix. CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Assigning Resources People management are need here Interaction and communication skills are vital to selecting the right people for the right activities You may have to recruit people to your project, through interviews and a personnel-hiring process. CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Assigning Resources After customizing the WBS list of activities, resources are assigned to them For every activity in the project, – Understand what the responsibilities and authority are – determine how the person performing the activity will be held accountable for the results CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Assigning Resources the project manager is responsible for the planning necessary to staff the project – Identifying and documenting the project roles and skills needed – Assigning responsibilities to individuals – Establishing reporting relationships CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Identifying and documenting the project roles and skills needed Skills needed are weighed against knowledge about each candidate’s career objectives , and ego needs Example types of roles – – – Database designers Configuration management experts Human interface designers Webmasters Quality assurance specialists Test engineers CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Identifying and documenting the project roles and skills needed Recognize some skills that aren’t the usual software engineering sets People may have some personality or social skills that are necessary catalysts for getting things done Certain skill promote harmony among the team as well as the “social glue” that is hard to define but absolutely necessary for team productivity CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Identifying and documenting the project roles and skills needed The project manager has to decide who does what and who decides what on the project Balancing learning opportunities against accomplishing work on time, and managing egos The specific skill needed for each activity must be considered Listing skills needed may be necessary if required skills sets are large and diverse CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Characteristics of Roles For every activity defined in the project, a set of roles requiring specific skill sets may be defined E. g. , For every role, define three job aspects – Responsibility – the obligation to perform an assigned activity with or without detailed guidance or specific authorization – Authority – the right to perform, command of make the decisions – Accountability – assuming a liability for an activity or something of value in a project CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Characteristics of Roles Don’t assign responsibility to people who have no recognized authority within the organization to get it done Estimates for completion become unreliable because assigned person has an obligation, but no right to perform, in the eyes of others Be sure that authority and responsibility boundaries are recognized by all CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Characteristics of Roles Responsibilities might include – – – Collaborating with architects and designers Designing test cases Generating test data Running unit and regression test suites Reporting results CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Characteristics of Roles Authority might be granted to include – – Participating in design and inspection meetings Exercising final authority for all test-related tasks Authorizing component builds Reporting official test results and product quality metrics CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Characteristics of Roles Accountability for test engineers may be defined as quantifiable and easily measured parameters such as – – Number of design and inspection meetings attended Quantity and quality of test prepared and executed Percentage of successful component builds Accuracy and timeliness of reported test results and product quality metrics CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Assigning responsibility Consider reliability of individuals Negotiate with resource controllers for the services of people with the needed skill Comprehend roll-on and roll-off time CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture

Characteristics of Roles Accountability for test engineers may be defined as quantifiable and easily measured parameters such as – – Number of design and inspection meetings attended Quantity and quality of test prepared and executed Percentage of successful component builds Accuracy and timeliness of reported test results and product quality metrics CEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 th Lecture