Cellular Respiration What is Cellular Respiration Stepbystep breakdown

Cellular Respiration

What is Cellular Respiration? • Step-by-step breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy • Produce ATP • Takes place day and night in ALL LIVING CELLS

Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Where does it occur? • In the Cell § Mitochondria

Cellular Respiration 3 Stages • 3 Stages: § Stage 1: Glycolysis • O 2 not required (anaerobic) § Stage 2: Krebs Cycle • O 2 required (aerobic) 2 ATPs § Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain • O 2 required (aerobic) 32 ATPs

products reactants Insert 1 Glucose GLYCOLYSIS - - -- KREBS CYCLE - 2 energy tokens (ATP) glucose GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP 2 NADH on l i r o tos hond y c toc i m 2 NADH 2 energy tokens 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 glucose derivatives carbon dioxide KREBS CYCLE carbon dioxide 2 ATP 32 energy tokens - ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Oxygen 32 ATP Water

Types of Cellular Respiration 1. Aerobic § Occurs in the presence of oxygen § Breaks down glucose completely § Releases large amounts energy § 36 ATP

Types of Cellular Respiration 2. Anaerobic § Occurs when there is no oxygen available § Partially breaks down glucose § Releases very small amount of energy § 2 ATP

Fermentation • Anaerobic process that follows Glycolysis when there is NO OXYGEN • Provides a means to continue producing ATP until Oxygen is available • Does NOT produce and additional ATP • JUST keeps GLYCOLYSIS going over & over

GLUCOSE Glycolysis Aerobic Respiration Kreb s Cycl e Electron Transport Chain 2 ATP Fermentation (anaerobic) ATP

Fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation § Occurs in animal muscle cells § Produces Lactic Acid as waste § Only oxygen can get rid of lactic acid

Fermentation • Alcoholic Fermentation § § Plants, Yeast & Bacteria Ethyl alcohol is produced as waste-product Basis of wine & beer industry Bread making (rise)

Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy Photosynthesis: 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

PHOTOSYNTHESIS A. The process by which light energy is used to make simple sugars (glucose) B. Producers/Autotrophs the type of organisms that perform photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Equation Light Energy + 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 aka SUN + Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen

Starting Materials 1. Carbon obtained from carbon dioxide taken in from air 2. Light from SUN 3. Water absorbed through roots

PRODUCTS 1. Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 used for energy 2. Oxygen released into atmosphere as waste

TWO STAGES A. Light Dependent Reactions 1. Requires sunlight 2. Traps light energy in chlorophyll 3. Forms ATP

TWO STAGES B. Calvin Cycle “Light-Independent Reactions” 1. Does NOT require sunlight 2. Glucose is made using ATP from 1 st stage

Plant Cell Structure • Chloroplast – organelle in plant cell, site of photosynthesis

Plant Cell Structure • Chlorophyll- pigment in chloroplast that absorbs ALL but green light

• Microscopic view of plant cells

Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Oxygen: Produces: Requires Light Does Not require Light Occurs only in: Occurs in:

Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Food (glucose) Produced Food (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Oxygen: Produces: Requires Light Does Not require Light Occurs only in: Occurs in:

Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Food (glucose) Produced Food (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Taken In Carbon dioxide: Given Off (released) Oxygen: Produces: Requires Light Does Not require Light Occurs only in: Occurs in:

Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Food (glucose) Produced Food (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Taken In Carbon dioxide: Given Off (released) Oxygen: Taken In Produces: Requires Light Does Not require Light Occurs only in: Occurs in:

Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Food (glucose) Produced Food (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Taken In Carbon dioxide: Given Off (released) Oxygen: Taken In Produces: Sugar (glucose) Produces: Water & Carbon Dioxide Requires Light Does Not require Light Occurs only in: Occurs in:

Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Food (glucose) Produced Food (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Taken In Carbon dioxide: Given Off (released) Oxygen: Taken In Produces: Sugar (glucose) Produces: Water & Carbon Dioxide Requires Light Does Not require Light Occurs only in: organisms that contain chlorophyll Occurs in: ALL living cells