Cellular Respiration How is food broken down to

Cellular Respiration How is food broken down to give us energy? ATP Regents Biology 2009 -2010

Where do we get energy? ▪ Energy is stored in macromolecules ◆ carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Regents Biology

What is energy in biology? Adenosine Tri. Phosphate ATP Sugar (C 5 H 10 O 5) Regents Biology

Mitochondria are the organelle that produce ATP (energy!) Regents Biology

Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells Regents Biology

Cellular Respiration Process of breaking down food to produce ATP fo ▪ in mitochondria o ▪ using oxygen d • “aerobic” respiration ◆ usually digesting glucose O ▪ but could be other 2 macromolecules ◆ Regents Biology AT P

Cellular Respiration Equation glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon + water dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 fo o d O Regents Biology 2 → ATP + 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O AT P

1 molecule of glucose yields (produces) 36 molecules of ATP energy 36 ATP Regents Biology

How do mitochondria make ATP? ▪ Food ◆ macromolecules: carbs, lipids, proteins ▪ Helpers ◆ ◆ Oxygen (O 2) Enzymes (protein) ▪ Product ◆ ATP ▪ Waste products ◆ carbon dioxide (CO 2) ▪ then used by plants ◆ Water (H 2 O) G lu c o s e enzymes O 2 Regents Biology Make ATP! All I do all day… And no one even notices! C O AT P H 2

Using ATP to do work Cells can’t store ATP ▪ too unstable ▪ only used in cell that produces it ▪ only short term energy storage AT P Adenosine Tri. Phosphate Adenosine Di. Phosphate wo rk ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second Regents Biology

How do organisms get the energy they need? A. By burning food molecules and releasing their energy as heat B. By breathing oxygen into the lungs and combining it with carbon dioxide C. By breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy D. By using the sun’s energy to break down food molecules and form chemicals Regents Biology

Cellular Respiration is the reverse process of Photosynthesis. Instead of using solar energy, it produces ATP + heat energy. Regents Biology

ll n Ce ratio i sp Re Remember- plant cells have chloroplasts and mitochondria. They do G both photosynthesis AND cellular lu respiration. c is s e h t o n y s o Phot s e ATP Regents Biology

ll n Ce ratio i sp Re Animals only have mitochondria, so we need to obtain our glucose G from food. lu c n o o i t s e g i D s e ATP Regents Biology

Relationship between plants and animals Regents Biology

Relationship between plants and animals Regents Biology

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration What if oxygen is missing? Regents Biology

What if oxygen is missing? ▪ No oxygen available = can’t complete ▪ O 2 aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration ◆ also known as fermentation ▪ alcohol fermentation ▪ lactic acid fermentation no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria) ◆ can only make very little ATP ◆ large animals cannot survive yeast ◆ Regents Biology bacteria

Anaerobic Respiration ▪ Fermentation ◆ alcohol fermentation ▪ yeast • glucose → ATP + CO 2+ alcohol • make beer, wine, bread ◆ lactic acid fermentation ▪ bacteria, animals • glucose → ATP + lactic acid • bacteria make yogurt • animals feel muscle fatigue O 2 Regents Biology

Anaerobic Respiration Video Regents Biology

CK 12: Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration Regents Biology