Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Regents Biology
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Regents Biology 2009 -2010
“Burn fuels” to make energy combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in one step fuel (carbohydrates) O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + heat aerobic respiration making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps ATP Regents Biology food (carbohydrates) O 2 ATP + CO 2 + H 2 O (+ heat)
Energy needs of life § Animals are energy consumers u What do we need energy for? § § § synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement temperature control (making heat) Regents Biology
Where do we get energy? § Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Animals eat these organic molecules food u digest food to get u § § fuels for energy (ATP) § raw materials for building more molecules w carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids Regents Biology ATP
What is energy in biology? ATP Adenosine Tri. Phosphate Whoa! HOT stuff! Regents Biology 2009 -2010
Harvesting energy stored in food § Cellular respiration u breaking down food to produce ATP § in mitochondria § using oxygen w “aerobic” respiration u food ATP usually digesting glucose § but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins O 2 glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide CH O + 6 12 6 Regents Biology 6 O 2 ATP + 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O
What do we need to make energy? § The “Furnace” for making energy u mitochondria § Fuel u food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins § Helpers u u oxygen enzymes food § Product u enzymes ATP § Waste products u Make ATP! All I do all day… And no one even notices! carbon dioxide § then used by plants u water Regents Biology O 2 ATP CO 2 H 2 O
Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells Regents Biology
Using ATP to do work? Can’t store ATP § too unstable § only used in cell that produces it § only short term energy storage § carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! Regents Biology ATP Adenosine Tri. Phosphate work Adenosine Di. Phosphate ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second
A Body’s Energy Budget 1 ATP eat food 2 3 Regents Biology make energy synthesis (building) storage { { { • energy needed even at rest • activity • temperature control • growth • reproduction • repair • glycogen (animal starch) • fat
What if oxygen is missing? § No oxygen available = can’t complete § O 2 aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration u also known as fermentation § alcohol fermentation § lactic acid fermentation no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria) u can only make very little ATP u large animals cannot survive yeast u Regents Biology bacteria
Anaerobic Respiration § Fermentation u alcohol fermentation § yeast w glucose ATP + CO 2+ alcohol w make beer, wine, bread u lactic acid fermentation § bacteria, animals w glucose ATP + lactic acid w bacteria make yogurt w animals feel muscle fatigue Regents Biology Tastes good… but not enough energy for me! O 2
Got the energy… Ask Questions!! Regents Biology 2009 -2010
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