Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Regents Biology
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Regents Biology 2006 -2007
Energy needs of life § Animals are energy consumers u What do we need energy for? § § § Regents Biology synthesis reproduction active transport movement temperature control
Where do we get energy? § Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Animals eat these organic molecules food u digest food to get u § § fuels for energy (ATP) § raw materials for building more molecules w carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids Regents Biology
What is energy in biology? ATP Whoa! Hot stuff! Regents Biology 2006 -2007
Harvesting energy stored in food § Cellular respiration u breaking down food to produce ATP § in mitochondria § using oxygen u formula shows glucose, but that is just an example § could be other sugars, fats or proteins glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 + Regents Biology 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP + heat
What do we need to make energy? Make ATP! § The “Furnace” Make ATP! u All I do all day… And no one even notices! mitochondria § Fuel u food § carbohydrates, fats, proteins food § The Helpers u oxygen § “aerobic” u enzymes Regents Biology O 2 ATP
Breaking it down… glycolysis § Step 1 = _______ u u Anaerobic Occurs in cytoplasm Glucose in Pyruvic acid, NADH, and 2 ATP out And now I’m pyruvic acid! Regents Biology I came from ½ of glucose…
Let’s keep on trucking… Citric acid cycle § Step 2 = ______ u u u aka Krebs cycle – the merry-go-round of energy! Aerobic Occurs in mitochondria Pyruvic acid, ATP, and NADH in 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, hydrogens, and energized electrons out Regents Biology
The big finale! Electron transport chain § Step 3 = _________ Aerobic u Occurs in mitochondria u u Stair step release of energy from electrons used to make 32 ATP and water Regents Biology
Electron Transport Chain This is our friend NADH Regents Biology
The BIG picture • Oxygen, glucose, and water in • Carbon dioxide, ATP, and water out Regents Biology
“Burn fuels” to make energy combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in one step fuel (carbohydrates) O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + heat respiration making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps ATP Regents Biology food (carbohydrates) O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP (+ heat)
Using ATP to do work? Can’t store ATP § too unstable § only used in cell that produces it § only short term energy storage § carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! Regents Biology ATP work ADP + P A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second
A Body’s Energy Budget eat food ATP synthesis storage Regents Biology { { { • resting energy • activity • temperature control • growth • reproduction • glycogen • fat
What if oxygen is missing? § Can’t complete aerobic respiration u alcohol fermentation § yeast w glucose ATP + CO 2+ alcohol w make beer, wine, bread u lactic acid fermentation § bacteria, animals w glucose ATP + lactic acid w make yogurt w animals feel muscle fatigue Regents Biology but only make a little bit of ATP! O 2
Any Questions? ? Regents Biology 2006 -2007
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