Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration A series

Cellular Respiration Chapter 9

Cellular Respiration �A series of coordinated enzyme-catalized reactions that harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates �Glucose ATP �Occurs in *all living cells

Carbohydrates: Glucose �Free energy is stored in chemical bonds

Evolved Energy Strategies

EES: Body Temperature Regulation �Endothermic Organisms � Metabolism �Ect 0 thermic Organisms � Environment

EES: Reproduction �Continuous breeders � Usually have constant supply of energy �Seasonal breeders � Follows patterns of energy availability

EES: Metabolic Rate �Small organisms � high metabolic rate �Large organisms � low metabolic rate �Excess energy � Storage �Deficient energy � Death

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Types of Cellular Respiration �Type 1: Aerobic Respiration �Requires O 2 �Type 2: Anaerobic Respiration �Does not require O 2

Mitochondria Structures �Matrix: � Fluid inside the mitochondrion �Cristae: � Internal membrane in the mitochondrion

Aerobic Cellular Respiration �Chemical process which uses the mitochondria C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis: Process �Glucose breaks down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm �Products: �small amount of ATP molecules �electron carrier molecules (NADH)

Krebs Cycle: Process �If O 2 is present… �Pyruvate breaks down into CO 2 and enters the matrix �Products: �small amount of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation �electron carrier molecules (NADH & FADH 2)

Oxidative Phosphorylation: Process �NADH & FADH 2 donate electrons (e-) to cristae �Proteins use e- to pump H+ ions across the membrane �Oxygen accepts e- & H+ transforms into H 2 O �ATPsynthase uses H+ ions and generate many ATP!

Energy transfer during Aerobic cellular Respiration �Start with Chemical Energy (Glucose) �Convert to Usable Chemical Energy (many ATP) �Use ATP and release Heat Energy

Audio/visual representations �Animation: �http: //www. sumanasinc. com/webcontent/animations/c ontent/cellularrespiration. html �Rap: �http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VCp. Nk 92 usw. Y

Anaerobic Respiration

Types of Cellular Respiration �Type 1: Aerobic Respiration �Requires O 2 (Very efficient) �Type 2: Anaerobic Respiration �Does not require O 2 (inefficient)

Evolution of anaerobic respiration � 3. 5 billion years ago: � Ancient prokaryotes lived without O 2 �Today: � Prokaryotes don’t have mitochondria � Eukaryotes O 2 supply fluctuates

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration �Occurs in 2 steps: � 1. Glycolysis (2 ATP) � 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation C 6 H 12 O 6 CH 3 CHOHCOOH + ATP OR � 1. Glycolysis (2 ATP) � 2. Alcoholic Fermentation C 6 H 12 O 6 C 2 H 5 OH + CO 2 + ATP

Lactic Acid Fermentation �Pyruvate Lactic Acid � How bacteria makes yogurt � No ATP

Alcoholic Fermentation �Pyruvate Ethyl Alcohol � How yeast makes bread � No ATP