Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration The process by which

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration • The process by which mitochondria break down glucose to make ATP • Two types – Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen and carried out by plants, animals, and some bacteria – Anaerobic respiration: requires no oxygen and carried out by yeast, some bacteria, and sometimes animals

Chemical equation for aerobic respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + energy glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP THE OPPOSITE OF PHOTOSYNTESIS!!!

Some of aerobic respiration occurs in the MIGHTY mitochondria • Makes energy for the cell through aerobic respiration • Structure of a mitochondrion: Inner membrane Outer membrane Cristae: Fold in the inner membrane

Steps of aerobic respiration 1. Glycolysis: First step breaks down glucose into pyruvate 1 A. (Intermediate step: Change pyruvate to acetyl Co. A) 2. Citric Acid Cycle: Second step uses the acetyl Co. A to make electrons for the last step 3. Electron transport chain: Third step uses the electrons to make a lot of ATP

Step 1: Glycolysis – Occurs in the cytoplasm AT P Enzymes Glucose Pyruvate Glucose breaks down into 2 pyruvate (2 ATP are also made) AT P

Intermediate step: Pyruvate becomes acetyl Co. A (Occurs in the cytoplasm) Pyruva te Acetyl Co. A

Step 2: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) – Occurs in the mitochondria ATP Acetyl Co. A Citric Acid Cycle ATP Citric acid e- 2 ATP are also made e e- - e- NAD H

Step 3: Electron Transport Chain – Occurs in the mitochondria e- NADH e- e- Made in Step 2 Electrons move down the electron transport chain (series of proteins that pass the electrons along). Electrons are caught by oxygen to make water. 32 ATP are made! Electron transport chain 32 ATP e. Oxygen we breathe Water We use for energy

• ATP Totals for aerobic respiration: • Glycolysis = 2 ATP (actually anaerobic) • Citric Acid Cycle = 2 ATP • Electron Transport Chain = 32 ATP • 1 Glucose = 36 TOTAL ATP for aerobic respiration

Photosynthesis and respiration are pretty much the opposite of each other! Photosynthesis • Plants • * use sunlight to make glucose • * take in carbon dioxide • * give off oxygen • *carbon dioxide + water + sunlight glucose + oxygen Respiration • Animals (and plants) • * eat plants to get glucose • * take in oxygen • * give off carbon dioxide • *glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ATP

Anaerobic respiration (requires no oxygen) • Also called fermentation • 2 types: alcoholic fermentation lactic acid fermentation • Only 2 ATP are made in anaerobic respiration so it is not as good as aerobic respiration (36 ATP) – Both begin with glycolysis! – No citric acid cycle or electron transport chain

Glycolysis Glucose pyruvate + 2 ATP Alcoholic fermentation Pyruvate ethyl alcohol + Only 2 ATP are made in anaerobic respiration so it is not as good as aerobic respiration (36 ATP) Lactic acid fermentation Pyruvate lactic acid carbon dioxide • Carried out by yeast and some bacteria ·Used in brewing beer, making wine, and baking bread and cakes ·Carried out by your muscles when you’re exercising hard (need ATP) and can’t get oxygen into you fast enough (can’t do aerobic respiration) ·Causes muscle cramps and soreness

Answer on back of sheet: 1. I n which organelle does cell respiration occur? 2. Photosynthesis occurs in what types of organisms? Cell respiration occurs in what type? 3. Write the equation for photosynthesis. 4. Write the equation for cell respiration…notice they are opposites! 5. Which step of cell respiration breaks down glucose? 6. The Acetyl Co. A enzyme from step 1 enters step 2 of the Citric Acid Cycle / Krebs Cycle and forms ___ & ___. 7. The electrons from step 2 enter step 3 and make how many ATP? 8. From splitting 1 glucose how many total ATP are produced in cell respiration? 9. Anaerobic respiration is a type of cell respiration that requires no oxygen and only produces ___ ATP. 10. Alcoholic fermentation is used in ___ and lactic acid fermentation is used when ___.