Cellular Respiration Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Cellular Respiration Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Photosynthesis • Producers get their energy from the sun • Producers convert this light energy into stored chemical energy (glucose) Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Cellular Respiration • Consumers get their energy from the producers • Consumers convert stored chemical energy (glucose) into usable chemical energy (ATP) Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration: • Glucose is broken down and releases energy for making ATP • Ex: Money exchange bank • Two types: 1. Aerobic – w/ oxygen 2. Anaerobic – w/out oxygen Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Aerobic Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 food oxygen (glucose, a carbohydrate) Biology Science Department Deerfield High School 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + 36 ATP water carbon dioxide

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + sunlight (energy) → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 → 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + 36 ATP (energy) Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Energy From ATP Breaking the bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

The BIG Question is… Do only animals respire? Or do plants respire too? • Only plants perform photosynthesis • Plants & animals perform cellular respiration Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Site of Cellular Respiration Plant & animal cells contain mitochondria: cell structures that transform chemical energy from glucose to ATP Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Cellular Respiration: An Overview Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Pyruvate Glucose Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electrons carried Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Aerobic Respiration Three Steps 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 1 Biology Science Department Deerfield High School 2 3

1. Glycolysis • • Glyco = Glucose lysis = Breakdown Occurs in the cytoplasm With or without oxygen Glucose broken down into 2 Pyruvates – Creates 2 ATP – Releases electrons Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

2. Kreb’s Cycle • 2 Pyruvates from Glycolysis enters this cycle • Aerobic process = only occurs with oxygen • Matrix of the mitochondria – Creates 2 ATP – Releases electrons – Releases CO 2 Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

3. Electron Transport Chain • Aerobic process = only occurs with oxygen • Cristae of the mitochondria • Electrons produced during Glycolysis and Kreb’s Cycle now enter the ETC • Electrons are passed down a chain of proteins until they reach the final electron acceptor = oxygen – Creates 32 ATP – Creates H 2 O Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Aerobic Summary 1 st Glycolysis 2 nd Krebs cycle 3 rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Total of 36 ATP Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

What happens if NO OXYGEN is available? ? The Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain can’t function!! These are anaerobic conditions!! Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Section 9 -1 Chemical Pathways Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Alcohol Fermentation (without oxygen) Biology Science Department Deerfield High School or Lactic Acid

Anaerobic Respiration • Much less ATP produced Two types: • Alcoholic Fermentation • Lactic Acid Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

1. Alcoholic Fermentation • Occurs in bacteria and yeast • Used for baking and brewing —yeast produces CO 2 gas to make dough rise and give bread holes glucose Biology Science Department Deerfield High School ethyl alcohol + CO 2 + 2 ATP

2. Lactic Acid • Occurs in muscles when the body cannot supply enough oxygen glucose Biology Science Department Deerfield High School lactic acid + CO 2+ 2 ATP

Comparing ATP Production • Aerobic respiration = 36 ATP per one glucose • Anaerobic respiration = 4 ATP per one glucose Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

Now what do we do with the ATP? • Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphate molecules – Break off phosphate = release energy Biology Science Department Deerfield High School

4 ATP

Exercise • Skeletal muscle requires more mitochondria – Mitochondria produce ATP Biology Science Department Deerfield High School