Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis The Basics Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis The Basics…
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2009 -2010
Energy needs of life § Animals are energy consumers § Aka Heterotrophs u What do we need energy for? § § § synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement temperature control (making heat)
What is energy in biology? ATP Adenosine Tri. Phosphate Whoa! HOT stuff! 2009 -2010
Harvesting energy stored in food § Cellular respiration u breaking down food to produce ATP § in mitochondria § using oxygen w “aerobic” respiration u food ATP usually digesting glucose § but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins O 2 glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 ATP + 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O
Cellular Respiration O 2 glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron transport chain H 2 O
What goes in…(reactants) § O 2 (oxygen) § Food (glucose) What comes out…(products) CO 2 H 2 O and ATP!!!
Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells
Using ATP to do work? Can’t store ATP § too unstable § only used in cell that produces it § only short term energy storage § carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! ATP Adenosine Tri. Phosphate work Adenosine Di. Phosphate ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second
What if oxygen is missing? § No oxygen available = can’t complete § O 2 aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration u also known as fermentation § alcohol fermentation § lactic acid fermentation no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria) u can only make very little ATP u large animals cannot survive yeast u bacteria
Anaerobic Respiration § Fermentation u alcohol fermentation § yeast w glucose ATP + CO 2+ alcohol w make beer, wine, bread u lactic acid fermentation § bacteria, animals w glucose ATP + lactic acid w bacteria make yogurt w animals feel muscle fatigue O 2
Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air
Plants are energy producers § Like animals, plants need energy to live u unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy § Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY animals are consumers (heterotroph) u plants are producers(autotroph) u
Building plants from sunlight & air § Photosynthesis 2 separate processes u ENERGY building reactions sun u § collect sun energy § use it to make ATP and NADPH u ATP SUGAR building reactions. H 2 O § take the ATP and NADPH § use all to build sugars carbon dioxide water + HO CO 2 2 + CO 2 sugars C 6 H 12 O 6 sugars
What do plants need to grow? § Where does it happen? u chloroplast sun § Fuels (reactants) sunlight CO 2 u carbon dioxide u water u § The Helpers u Enzymes § Products u Glucose and O 2 ATP O 2 enzymes H 2 O sugars
Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells
Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts Leaf absorb sunlight & CO 2 Leaves sun CO 2 Chloroplasts in cell Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll Chloroplast make ENERGY & SUGAR
Plant structure § Chloroplasts u u double membrane stroma outer membrane inner membrane § fluid-filled interior u u thylakoid sacs grana stacks stroma § Thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll molecules Increased surface area! u thylakoid granum
Pigments of photosynthesis § Chlorophylls & other pigments u u embedded in thylakoid membrane arranged in a “photosystem” § collection of molecules
A Look at Light § The spectrum of color V I B G Y O R
Light: absorption spectra § Photosynthesis gets energy by absorbing wavelengths of light u chlorophyll a § absorbs best in red & blue wavelengths & least in green u accessory pigments with different structures absorb light of different wavelengths § chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophylls Why are plants green?
How are they connected? Respiration glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP Photosynthesis carbon sun + water + glucose + oxygen energy dioxide 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 energy
Energy cycle sun Photosynthesis plants CO 2 glucose H 2 O sugars animals, plants Cellular Respiration The Great Circle of Life! Mufasa? ATP O 2
Another view… capture light energy Photosynthesis producers, autotrophs CO 2 waste sun organic O 2 molecules waste H 2 O waste food consumers, heterotrophs digestion Cellular Respiration release chemical energy ATP
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